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Xarab-I Kilashin, ancient city [4] rediscovered in 2017 near the Grand Zab River in Iraqi Kurdistan Hawler Citadel , Erbil is first mentioned in literary sources by the Sumerians around 2300 B.C, According to Giovanni Pettinato, author of several publications about Mesopotamian civilizations, Erbil is mentioned in two tablets as " Irbilum ". [ 5 ]
Kurdish Mythology (Kurdish: ئەفسانەی کوردی) is the collective term for the beliefs and practices of the culturally, ethnically or linguistically related group of ancient peoples who inhabited the Kurdistan mountains of northwestern Zagros, northern Mesopotamia and southeastern Anatolia.
Partial autonomy was reached by Kurdistan Uyezd (1923–1926) and by Iraqi Kurdistan (since 1991), while notably in Turkish Kurdistan, an armed conflict between the Kurdish insurgent groups and Turkish Armed Forces was ongoing from 1984 to 1999, and the region continues to be unstable with renewed violence flaring up in the 2000s.
Kurdistan (Kurdish: کوردستان, romanized: Kurdistan, lit. ' land of the Kurds '; [ˌkʊɾdɪˈstɑːn] ⓘ), [5] or Greater Kurdistan, [6] [7] is a roughly defined geo-cultural region in West Asia wherein the Kurds form a prominent majority population [8] and the Kurdish culture, languages, and national identity have historically been based. [9]
Kurdistan boasts many examples from ancient Iranian, Roman, Greek and Semitic origin, most famous of these include Bisotun and Taq-e Bostan in Kermanshah, Takht-e Soleyman near Takab, Mount Nemrud near Adiyaman and the citadels of Erbil and Diyarbakir. The first genuinely Kurdish examples extant were built in the 11th century.
Kurd Qaburstan, is an ancient Near East archaeological site in the Erbil Governorate, in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, 22 kilometers southwest of Erbil. It is considered one of the most important archaeological sites in the region. The site is strategically located between the Upper and Lower Zab rivers.
The current building was opened in 1989, after the end of the Iraq-Iran war (1980-1988) and lies close to the ancient tell of Qalinj Agha. After the invasion of Kuwait (by the Iraqi Army) in 1990, the Kurdish uprising in 1991, and the internal Kurdish civil war in the mid-1990s, many museum's archives were lost.
The Erbil Citadel (Kurdish: قەڵای هەولێر Qelay Hewlêr, Arabic: قلعة اربيل, romanized: Qal'at Erbīl) locally called Qellat, is a tell or occupied mound, and the historical city centre of Erbil in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. [1] The citadel has been included in the World Heritage List since 21 June 2014.