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Summary of the main ethanol blends used around the world in 2013. Several common ethanol fuel mixtures are in use around the world. The use of pure hydrous or anhydrous ethanol in internal combustion engines (ICEs) is only possible if the engines are designed or modified for that purpose, and used only in automobiles, light-duty trucks and motorcycles.
Legislation in Australia imposes a 10% cap on the concentration of fuel ethanol blends. Blends of 90% unleaded petrol and 10% fuel ethanol are commonly referred to as E10. E10 is available through service stations operating under the BP, Caltex, Shell and United brands as well as those of a number of smaller independents.
The increased solubility of water with higher ethanol content permits E30 and hydrated ethanol to be put in the same tank since any combination of them always results in a single phase. Somewhat less water is tolerated at lower temperatures. For E10 it is about 0.5% v/v at 21 °C and decreases to about 0.23% v/v at −34 °C. [30]
The fuel consumption is an equivalent measure for cars sold outside the United States, typically measured in litres per 100 km traveled; in general, the fuel consumption and miles per gallon would be reciprocals with appropriate conversion factors, but because different countries use different driving cycles to measure fuel consumption, fuel ...
150 K (−123 °C), 0.00043 Pa Critical point: 514 K (241 °C), 63 bar Std enthalpy change of fusion, Δ fus H o +4.9 kJ/mol Std entropy change of fusion, Δ fus S o +31 J/(mol·K) Std enthalpy change of vaporization, Δ vap H o +42.3 ± 0.4 kJ/mol [4] Std entropy change of vaporization, Δ vap S o: 109.67 J/(mol·K) Molal freezing point ...
E10 or Gasohol is commonly marketed in Delaware and E85 is found in many states, particularly in the Midwest where ethanol from corn is produced locally. Many states and municipalities have mandated that all gasoline fuel be blended with 10 percent alcohol (usually ethanol) during some or all of the year.
Picture showing E0 100% gasoline at $1/gallon more than E10 Regular Unleaded. At this same Saugatuck, MI Shell station, E85 was an additional $1/gallon below regular ($2/gallon below ethanol-free Rec-90). As debate has ensued over ethanol blending in gasolines, ethanol-free has popped up in a number of states marketed as Rec-90 Recreational ...
Other alternative fuels may have higher functional "blend walls". Biobutanol may be legally blended up to 16%, operating as an E10 equivalent, [14] though it is possible to operate at as high as 20% butanol without engine modification.