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The system startup stage on embedded Linux system starts by executing the firmware / program on the on-chip boot ROM, which then load bootloader / operating system from the storage device like eMMC, eUFS, NAND flash, etc. [5] The sequences of system startup are varies by processors [5] but all include hardware initialization and system hardware ...
Init is a daemon process that continues running until the system is shut down. It is the direct or indirect ancestor of all other processes and automatically adopts all orphaned processes. Init is started by the kernel during the booting process; a kernel panic will occur if
After the Linux kernel has booted, the /sbin/init program reads the /etc/inittab file to determine the behavior for each runlevel. Unless the user specifies another value as a kernel boot parameter , the system will attempt to enter (start) the default runlevel.
As an integrated software suite, systemd replaces the startup sequences and runlevels controlled by the traditional init daemon, along with the shell scripts executed under its control. systemd also integrates many other services that are common on Linux systems by handling user logins, the system console, device hotplugging (see udev ...
This memory location typically contains a jump instruction that transfers execution to the location of the firmware (UEFI or BIOS) start-up program. This program runs a power-on self-test (POST) to check and initialize required devices such as main memory , the PCI bus and the PCI devices (including running embedded Option ROMs).
Run a command with a time limit true: Does nothing, but exits successfully tty: Prints terminal name uname: Prints system information unlink: Removes the specified file using the unlink function uptime: Tells how long the system has been running users: Prints the user names of users currently logged into the current host who
This disallows a root user to load arbitrary code via kexec and execute it, complementing the UEFI secure boot and in-kernel security mechanisms for ensuring that only signed Linux kernel modules can be inserted into the running kernel. [4] [5] [6] Kexec is used by LinuxBoot to boot the main kernel from the Linux kernel located in the firmware.
The program produces an ordered list of running processes selected by user-specified criteria, and updates it periodically. Default ordering is by CPU usage, and only the top CPU consumers are shown. top shows how much processing power and memory are being used, as well as other information about the running processes.