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The .45-70 (11.6x53mmR), also known as the .45-70 Government, .45-70 Springfield, and .45-2 1 ⁄ 10" Sharps, is a .45 caliber rifle cartridge originally holding 70 grains of black powder that was developed at the U.S. Army's Springfield Armory for use in the Springfield Model 1873.
According to the US Army Ordnance Department tests, the 45-70-405 was loaded to 19,000 psi, [4] while the 45-70-500 was loaded to 25,000 psi [2] The average accuracy of the Springfield Model 1873 was a circle with an average radius of 1.7 inches at 100 yards, corresponding to an ~3.4 MOA.
Over 50,000 Model 1868 rifles were manufactured, chambered for the .50-70 450 cartridge. This model served as the basis for the definitive Springfield Model 1873 series of rifles in .45-70-405 caliber, which was adopted in 1873 as the standard military longarm of the United States armed forces for the next 20 years.
Springfield Model 1871 – .50-70 caliber rolling-block rifle. [10] Springfield Model 1873 – .45-70 caliber trapdoor rifle. [11] Springfield Model 1875 – .45-70 caliber trapdoor officer's rifle. [12] Springfield Model 1877 – .45-70 caliber trapdoor carbine. [13] Springfield Model 1880 – .45-70 caliber trapdoor rifle. [14] Springfield ...
Derived from the .50-60-400 Joslyn, the cartridge was developed after the unsatisfactory results of the .58 rimfire cartridge for the Springfield Model 1865 rifle. The .50-70 Government cartridge used the Benét internal center-fire primer design and became the official cartridge of the U.S. military in 1866 until being replaced by the .45-70 Government in 1873.
Springfield M1898 Krag–Jørgensen (left), and its predecessor, the Springfield Model 1888 Open Springfield Model 1888 breech and .45-70 cartridge. The trapdoor Springfields had originally been produced with reworked bayonets left over from the Civil War.
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The Springfield model 1884 was one of the "Trapdoor Springfield" rifles. It was an improved replacement for the previous longarm of the U.S. Armed Forces, the Springfield model 1873 and its variants.