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Up-fitted drive-by-wire systems, such as the Paravan Space Drive, have been available since as early as 2003 for existing production vehicles. [6]Several one-off vehicles and concept vehicles implemented steer-by-wire, such as the early-1990s Saab Prometheus, [7] 1996 Mercedes F200, [8] 2001 SKF Filo based on the Opel Zafira, [9] 2003 General Motors Hy-wire, [10] 2005 GM Sequel, [11] 2007 ...
A vehicle equipped with a steer-by-wire system is able to steer some or all of its wheels without a steering column connected to the wheel axles. It is different from electric power steering or power-assist, as those systems still rely on the steering column to mechanically transfer some steering torque to the wheels. [15]
In some markets, the bZ4X is available with an optional steer-by-wire system. [30] The steer-by-wire system was developed for the Chinese market and will be available with a yoke in lieu of a conventional steering wheel. [29] Combined with the low instrument panel, Toyota stated the yoke provides a more open interior. [31]
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Production battery electric vehicles in the 2020s that offer steer-by-wire with no steering column include the Canoo Lifestyle Vehicle, [31] Lexus RZ 450e, [32] REE Automotive P7-module-based vehicles, [33] Toyota bZ4X, [30] and Tesla Cybertruck. [34] As of 2023 Lotus, [35] Peugeot, [36] and Mercedes-Benz plan to offer steer-by-wire cars in the ...
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Some x-by-wire technologies have already been installed on commercial vehicles such as steer-by-wire and throttle-by-wire. Brake-by-wire technology has been widely commercialized with the introduction of Battery Electric Vehicles and Hybrid Vehicles.
The steer-by-wire system, which Lexus have branded "One Motion Grip" for some markets, comes with a steering yoke and removes the physical connection between the yoke and the steering rack. The position of the yoke is used to drive a motor attached to the steering rack, while a second motor provides feedback to the yoke itself.