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A Modelo business in the Mexican state of Oaxaca. Grupo Modelo began in 1925, and its founders were a group of twenty-five Spanish immigrants among whom stood out: Braulio Iriarte, owner of bakeries and Molino Euzkaro, in Mexico City, and Martín Oyamburu, industrialist, banker and landowner, founder of Hulera Euzkadi, Banco Crédito Español de México, S.A., and oil fields in the Veracruz ...
In a recipe, the baker's percentage for water is referred to as the "hydration"; it is indicative of the stickiness of the dough and the "crumb" of the bread. Lower hydration rates (e.g., 50–57%) are typical for bagels and pretzels , and medium hydration levels (58–65%) are typical for breads and rolls . [ 25 ]
Other leavening agents developed include sodium aluminium sulfate (NaAl(SO 4) 2 ·12H 2 O), disodium pyrophosphate (Na 2 H 2 P 2 O 7), and sodium aluminium phosphates (NaH 14 Al 3 (PO 4) 8 ·4H 2 O and Na 3 H 15 Al 2 (PO 4) 8). These compounds combine with sodium bicarbonate to give carbon dioxide in a predictable manner. [5]
A dough conditioner, flour treatment agent, improving agent or bread improver is any ingredient or chemical added to bread dough to strengthen its texture or otherwise improve it in some way. Dough conditioners may include enzymes , yeast nutrients, mineral salts, oxidants and reductants , bleaching agents and emulsifiers . [ 1 ]
Soda bread is made with coarse flour, white, whole meal, or a mix. High protein flour is not used because the preferred texture is "moist and crumbly". Other grains (such as rolled oats) may be added. [2] Soda bread is generally not kneaded because kneading can toughen it. [2] [3] Buttermilk or sour milk is the usual liquid acid ingredient. [2]
Bread styles soon became differentiated by social class, with the best and whitest breads, called pan floreado, reserved for the nobility and rich. [2] [11] The lower classes ate “pambazo,” made with darker flour. The word is a mix of pan (bread) and basso (low) and today refers to a kind of street food.
Baking: The proofed dough is loaded into a hot oven for baking. During the first few minutes, the remaining rise will occur in the dough and is known as oven spring . Starch gelatinization begins at 105 °F (41 °C), [ 34 ] the yeast dies at 140 °F (60 °C), [ 35 ] and the baking is finished when the product reaches an internal temperature of ...
Volume 3: Techniques and Equipment ("guidebook to the techniques of bread making. Chapters follow the process of making bread: fermentation, mixing, divide and shaping, proofing, scoring and finishing, ovens and baking, plus cooling and storage.") Volume 4: Recipes I ("Each chapter is divided by types of breads.