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Californium is a silvery-white actinide metal [12] with a melting point of 900 ± 30 °C (1,650 ± 50 °F) and an estimated boiling point of 1,743 K (1,470 °C; 2,680 °F). [13] The pure metal is malleable and is easily cut with a knife. Californium metal starts to vaporize above 300 °C (570 °F) when exposed to a vacuum. [14]
Californium(III) oxychloride (CfOCl) was the first californium compound to be discovered. [15] Californium(III) polyborate is unusual in that californium is covalently bound to the borate. [16] Tris(cyclopentadienyl)californium(III) (Cp 3 Cf) presents itself as ruby red crystals.
Seaborg was the principal or co-discoverer of ten elements: plutonium, americium, curium, berkelium, californium, einsteinium, fermium, mendelevium, nobelium and element 106, which, while he was still living, was named seaborgium in his honor. He said about this naming, "This is the greatest honor ever bestowed upon me—even better, I think ...
The 20 isotopes of californium with mass numbers 237–256 are formed in nuclear reactors; [58] californium-253 is a β-emitter and the rest are α-emitters. The isotopes with even mass numbers ( 250 Cf, 252 Cf and 254 Cf) have a high rate of spontaneous fission, especially 254 Cf of which 99.7% decays by spontaneous fission.
One of the elements is Californium, which he and several others made. Thompson was also a leader of the research teams that discovered the next three transuranium elements: einsteinium, fermium and mendelevium (atomic numbers 99, 100 and 101). [1] He received Guggenheim Fellowships (Natural Sciences - Chemistry) in 1954 and 1965. [2]
In experiments during 1949–1950, they produced and identified elements 97 and 98 (californium). In 1953, in a collaboration with Argonne Lab, Ghiorso and collaborators sought and found elements 99 ( einsteinium ) and 100 ( fermium ), identified by their characteristic radiation in dust collected by airplanes from the first thermonuclear ...
Synthesis of americium, berkelium, and californium followed soon. Einsteinium and fermium were discovered by a team of scientists led by Albert Ghiorso in 1952 while studying the composition of radioactive debris from the detonation of the first hydrogen bomb. [ 19 ]
Californium (98 Cf) is an artificial element, and thus a standard atomic weight cannot be given. Like all artificial elements, it has no stable isotopes. The first isotope to be synthesized was 245 Cf in 1950. There are 20 known radioisotopes ranging from 237 Cf to 256 Cf and one nuclear isomer, 249m Cf.