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An obligate aerobe is an organism that requires oxygen to grow. [1] Through cellular respiration , these organisms use oxygen to metabolise substances, like sugars or fats, to obtain energy. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In this type of respiration, oxygen serves as the terminal electron acceptor for the electron transport chain . [ 1 ]
An aerobic organism or aerobe is an organism that can survive and grow in an oxygenated environment. [1] The ability to exhibit aerobic respiration may yield benefits to the aerobic organism, as aerobic respiration yields more energy than anaerobic respiration. [2] Energy production of the cell involves the synthesis of ATP by an enzyme called ...
Unlike obligate anaerobes however, they are not poisoned by oxygen. They can be found evenly spread throughout the test tube. A microaerophile is a microorganism that requires environments containing lower levels of dioxygen than that are present in the atmosphere (i.e. < 21% O 2; typically 2–10% O 2) for optimal growth. [1]
Obligate anaerobes are microorganisms killed by normal atmospheric concentrations of oxygen (20.95% O 2). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Oxygen tolerance varies between species, with some species capable of surviving in up to 8% oxygen, while others lose viability in environments with an oxygen concentration greater than 0.5%.
The aerobic bacteria also found mixed with these anaerobic bacteria include Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcus spp. (including groups A and B), Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia spp. and Mycoplasma hominis. Free gas in the tissues, abscess formation and foul-smelling discharge is commonly associated with the presence of anaerobic bacteria.
An obligate aerobe, M. luteus is found in soil, dust, water and air, and as part of the normal microbiota of the mammalian skin. The bacterium also colonizes the human mouth , mucosae , oropharynx and upper respiratory tract .
Unlike obligate anaerobes however, they are not poisoned by oxygen. They can be found evenly spread throughout the test tube. Aerotolerant anaerobes use fermentation to produce ATP. They do not use oxygen, but they can protect themselves from reactive oxygen molecules. In contrast, obligate anaerobes can be harmed by reactive oxygen molecules.
Most species are obligate anaerobes, although some are aerotolerant. [11] Borrelia species have an outer membrane that contains a substance similar to lipopolysaccharides, an inner membrane, and a layer of peptidoglycan in a periplasmic space, which classifies them as Gram-negative. [ 5 ]