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A chef de cuisine (French pronunciation: [ʃɛf.də.kɥi.zin], French for head of kitchen) or head chef is a chef that leads a kitchen and its cooks. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] A chef patron (feminine form chef patronne ) (French for boss chef ) or executive chef is a chef that manages multiple kitchens and their staff.
The word "chef" is derived (and shortened) from the term chef de cuisine (French pronunciation: [ʃɛf.də.kɥi.zin]), the director or head of a kitchen. (The French word comes from Latin caput (head) and is cognate with English "chief"). In English, the title chef in the culinary arts originated in the haute cuisine of the 19th century.
Note: Despite the use of chef in English as the title for a cook, the word actually means "chief" or "head" in French. Similarly, cuisine means "kitchen", but also refers to food or cooking generally, or a type of food or cooking. Chef de cuisine (kitchen chef; "chief of the kitchen")
A cook is sometimes referred to as a chef, although in the culinary world, the terms are not interchangeable. Cooks' responsibilities include preparing food, managing food stations, cleaning the kitchen, and helping the chefs. [ 1 ]
Culinary arts are the cuisine arts of food preparation, cooking, and presentation of food, usually in the form of meals. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] People working in this field – especially in establishments such as restaurants – are commonly called chefs or cooks , although, at its most general, the terms culinary artist and culinarian are also used.
Hercules, chef of George Washington, and first US Presidential chef; François Massialot, author of Le cuisinier royal et bourgeois (1712) and Le nouveau cuisinier royal et bourgeois (1717) Vincent la Chapelle, author of Cuisinier moderne (1733) Menon, author of Nouveau Traité de la Cuisine (1739) and La Cuisinière bourgeoise (1746)
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The culinary commentary of Grimod and other gastronomes influenced the tastes and expectations of consumers in an unprecedented manner as a third party to the consumer-chef interaction. [ 5 ] The French origins of gastronomy explain the widespread use of French terminology in gastronomic literature.