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Sunlight passing through the car's windshield produces the greenhouse effect, heating the interior to a temperature much higher than the outside air. Without any protection, the sun can heat up a car's dark dashboards to 69 °C (156 °F) within 60 minutes. [6] This is dangerous for adults, children, and animals.
An aerodynamic heat shield consists of a protective layer of special materials to dissipate the heat. Two basic types of aerodynamic heat shield have been used: An ablative heat shield consists of a layer of plastic resin, the outer surface of which is heated to a gas, which then carries the heat away by convection .
Some types of smart films can be applied to existing glass windows using either a self-adhesive smart film or special glue. [10] Spray-on methods for applying clear coatings to block heat and conduct electricity are also under development. [11]
Special clear adhesive resin is injected under pressure and then cured with ultraviolet light. When done properly, the strength and clarity is sufficiently restored for most safety related purposes. The process is widely used to repair large industrial automotive windshields where the damage does not interfere with the view of the driver.
Pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA, self-adhesive, self-stick adhesive) is a type of nonreactive adhesive which forms a bond when pressure is applied to bond the adhesive with a surface. No solvent, water, or heat is needed to activate the adhesive.
Windscreens, sunroofs and rear window glass are generally bonded. They require adhesive to bond the glass with the vehicle frame. US Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 212/208 ensures reliability of adhesives used in US vehicles. For a bonded glass, replacement can take up to an hour. Time must be allowed to allow the adhesive to cure.