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Secularism in modern Iraq dates back to the 14 July Revolution of 1958 which overthrew the Kingdom of Iraq's Hashemite dynasty and established the Iraqi Republic. [1] Islam is the official state religion of Iraq, but the constitution, guarantees freedom of religious belief and practices for Muslims, Christians, Yazidis and Sabean-Mandaeans.
[11] [12] Collectively, most Iraqi Turkmen are secular, having internalized the secularist interpretation of state–religion affairs practiced in the Republic of Turkey. [11] The religious and tribal factors and tensions inherent in Iraq's political culture do not significantly affect the Iraqi Turkmen Sunnis and Shias. [13]
Some countries' political system distribute power across major religions in the country. This can be required by the constitution or through unwritten tradition.. In the politics of Iraq, following the invasion of Iraq in 2003, the occupying administration introduced a system where power was shared between the three main ethno-religious groups: Shia Muslim Arabs, Sunni Muslim Arabs and Kurds.
This original organization, based upon Joseph Smith's concept of theodemocracy, instituted a governmental system combining biblical theocracy with mid-19th-century American political ideals. [82] [83] In 1849 the Saints organized a secular government in Utah, although many ecclesiastical leaders maintained their positions of secular power.
Secular ideas were strongly challenged by religious leaders and the Catholic Church in particular, causing a religious culture war. During the American Revolution , Thomas Jefferson and James Madison incorporated the ideas of John Locke into the government of the United States, including his secularism, though a true secular state was not ...
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At the time, violence in the country was at its lowest since the start of the Iraq War in 2003. The United States even had plans to withdraw its troops. Four years have passed, and while massacres in Iraq have diminished in frequency, they have persisted — even as many Americans believed sectarian violence had been suppressed.
For example, Obama in his final State of the Union address phrased the sectarian violence in the Middle East as "rooted in conflicts that dated back millennia", but many pointed out that some sectarian tensions don't even date back a decade. [8] "Sectarianism" is also too ambiguous, which makes it a slogan whose meanings are up to the observers ...