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The crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE) is the stability that results from placing a transition metal ion in the crystal field generated by a set of ligands. It arises due to the fact that when the d -orbitals are split in a ligand field (as described above), some of them become lower in energy than before with respect to a spherical ...
Maki's theory lacked a sharp threshold field and Bardeen only gave a phenomenological interpretation of the threshold field. [25] However, a 1985 paper by Krive and Rozhavsky [ 26 ] pointed out that nucleated solitons and antisolitons of charge ± q generate an internal electric field E* proportional to q/ε .
In quantum field theory, the Casimir effect (or Casimir force) [1] is a physical force acting on the macroscopic boundaries of a confined space which arises from the quantum fluctuations of a field. The term Casimir pressure is sometimes used when it is described in units of force per unit area.
Download as PDF; Printable version ... states for time independence and quantum vacuum states in quantum field theory. ... John Preskill's lecture notes for Physics ...
In a crystal structure the coordination geometry of an atom is the geometrical pattern of coordinating atoms where the definition of coordinating atoms depends on the bonding model used. [1] For example, in the rock salt ionic structure each sodium atom has six near neighbour chloride ions in an octahedral geometry and each chloride has ...
In chemistry the polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory (PSEPT) provides electron counting rules useful for predicting the structures of clusters such as borane and carborane clusters. The electron counting rules were originally formulated by Kenneth Wade , [ 1 ] and were further developed by others including Michael Mingos ; [ 2 ] they are ...
The field can be redefined to give a real scalar field (i.e., a spin-zero particle) θ without any constraint by ϕ = v e i θ {\displaystyle \phi =ve^{i\theta }} where θ is the Nambu–Goldstone boson (actually v θ {\displaystyle v\theta } is) and the U (1) symmetry transformation effects a shift on θ , namely
Due to the strong crystal field in the material, each of the magnetic ions can be represented by an Ising ground state doublet with a large moment. This suggests a picture of Ising spins residing on the corner-sharing tetrahedral lattice with spins fixed along the local quantization axis, the <111> cubic axes , which coincide with the lines ...