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The Mongol invasions caused significant upheaval and demographic change in Iraq and the Levant. When the Mongols reached Iraq and Jazira in 1258, there was probably significant movement westward into Mamluk dominions. [41] According to Bar Hebraeus, the entire population of the northernmost regions of al-Sham (Syria) fled to Aleppo in 1259. [41]
A full-scale invasion by Batu Khan followed, with most of Kievan Rus' overran in 1237–1238. [3] The Mongols captured Kiev in 1240 and moved west into Hungary and Poland. [3] The invasion was ended by the Mongol succession process upon the death of Ögedei Khan.
The Battle of Legnica took place during the first Mongol invasion of Poland. The Mongol invasion in the 13th century led to construction of mighty stone castles, such as Spiš Castle in Slovakia. The Mongols invaded and destroyed Volga Bulgaria and Kievan Rus', before invading Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, and other territories.
Saint Margaret (January 27, 1242 – January 18, 1271), a daughter of Béla IV and Maria Laskarina, was born in Klis Fortress during the Mongol invasion of Hungary-Croatia in 1242. [34] Historians estimate that up to half of Hungary's two million population at that time were killed during the Mongol invasion of Europe. [35]
The Mongols defeated the Turcoman troops that protected Aleppo, putting to flight the Mamluk garrison in that city, and continued their advance to Maarat an-Numan and Apamea. [24] When Baibars mounted a counteroffensive from Egypt on November 12, the Mongols had already retreated beyond the Euphrates, unable to face the full Mamluk army.
In 1289, the Principality of Rostov declared independence, rebelling against Mongol rule. The forces of the Golden Horde defeated Rostov, which again became a vassal state of the Golden Horde. [ 1 ]
Some Mongol troops reaches the outskirts of Vienna and Udine. Death of Ögedei Khan; Retreat of Mongol-Tatar army. [citation needed] spring 1241 – early 1242: Mongol incursions in the Holy Roman Empire (including Austria and northeast Italy) 1241–1242: Mongol invasion of Croatia and Dalmatia [1] 1258–1259: Mongol invasions of Lithuania ...
Mongol invasion of Russia: Prince Daniil Galitsky: 1987: 1238–1253: Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia: King Daniel of Galicia, the first King of Rus'. King Danylo – Kingdom Of Swords: 2018: 1238–1253: Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia: King Daniel of Galicia, the first King of Rus'. The Mongols: 1961: 1240-1241: Kingdom of Poland: Mongol invasion ...