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Vertebrates (/ ˈ v ɜːr t ə b r ɪ t s,-ˌ b r eɪ t s /) [3] are animals with a vertebral column (backbone or spine), and a cranium, or skull. The vertebral column surrounds and protects the spinal cord, while the cranium protects the brain. The vertebrates make up the subphylum Vertebrata with some 65,000 species, by far the largest ...
The spinal column, also known as the vertebral column, spine or backbone, is the core part of the axial skeleton in vertebrates. The vertebral column is the defining and eponymous characteristic of the vertebrate. The spinal column is a segmented column of vertebrae that surrounds and protects the spinal cord.
A chordate (/ ˈ k ɔːr d eɪ t / KOR-dayt) is a deuterostomal bilaterian animal belonging to the phylum Chordata (/ k ɔːr ˈ d eɪ t ə / kor-DAY-tə).All chordates possess, at some point during their larval or adult stages, five distinctive physical characteristics (synapomorphies) that distinguish them from other taxa.
Marine vertebrates are vertebrates that live in marine environments, which include saltwater fish (including pelagic, coral and deep sea fish) and marine tetrapods (primarily marine mammals and marine reptiles, as well as semiaquatic clades such as seabirds).
In other animals, the vertebrae take the same regional names except for the coccygeal – in animals with tails, the separate vertebrae are usually called the caudal vertebrae. [19] Because of the different types of locomotion and support needed between the aquatic and other vertebrates, the vertebrae between them show the most variation ...
Tetrapod-like vertebrates first appeared in the Early Devonian period, and species with limbs and digits were around by the Late Devonian. [63] These early "stem-tetrapods" included animals such as Ichthyostega, [2] with legs and lungs as well as gills
Vertebrate zoology is the biological discipline that consists of the study of Vertebrate animals, i.e., animals with a backbone, such as fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Many natural history museums have departments named Vertebrate Zoology .
The chordates are dominated by the vertebrates (animals with backbones), [149] which consist of fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. [150] [151] [152] The Spiralia develop with spiral cleavage in the embryo, as here in a sea snail.