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HPPD is a DSM-5 diagnosis with diagnostic code 292.89 (F16.983). [6] For the diagnosis to be made, other psychological, psychiatric, or neurological conditions must be ruled out and it must cause distress in everyday life. [6] In the ICD-10, the diagnosis code F16.7 corresponds most closely to the clinical picture.
Chronic hallucinatory psychosis is a psychosis subtype, classified under "Other nonorganic psychosis" by the ICD-10 Chapter V: Mental and behavioural disorders. Other abnormal mental symptoms in the early stages are, as a rule, absent. The patient is most usually quiet and orderly, with a good memory.
Auditory hallucinations have been known to manifest as a result of intense stress, sleep deprivation, and drug use. [14] Auditory hallucinations can also occur in mentally healthy individuals during the altered state of consciousness while falling asleep (hypnagogic hallucinations) and waking up (hypnopompic hallucinations). [27]
[4] [5] [8] Auditory hallucinations, or "hearing voices", are most common. [9] [10] The onset of symptoms usually begins in adolescence or young adulthood. [11] On a ranking scale of symptom progression relating to the schizophrenic spectrum, schizoaffective disorder falls between mood disorders and schizophrenia in regards to severity. [12]
Musical hallucinations (also known as auditory hallucinations, auditory Charles Bonnet Syndrome, and Oliver Sacks' syndrome [1]) describes a neurological disorder in which the patient will hallucinate songs, tunes, instruments and melodies. These hallucinations are not correlated with psychotic illness. [2]
Alcoholic hallucinosis develops about 12 to 24 hours after the heavy drinking stops suddenly, and can last for days. It involves auditory and visual hallucinations, most commonly accusatory or threatening voices. [4] The risk of developing alcoholic hallucinosis is increased by long-term heavy alcohol abuse and the use of other drugs. [5]
The DSM-5 criteria puts more emphasis on social or occupational dysfunction than the ICD-10. [39] The ICD-10, on the other hand, puts more emphasis on first-rank symptoms. [40] [41] The current proposal for the ICD-11 criteria for schizophrenia recommends adding self-disorder as a symptom. [42]
Exploding head syndrome is classified under other parasomnias by the 2014 International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD, 3rd.Ed.) and is an unusual type of auditory hallucination in that it occurs in people who are not fully awake. [10] [11]