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Han (漢; 221–263), known in historiography as Shu Han (蜀漢 [ʂù xân] ⓘ) or Ji Han (季漢 "Junior Han"), [2] or often shortened to Shu (Chinese: 蜀; pinyin: Shǔ; Sichuanese Pinyin: Su 2 < Middle Chinese: *źjowk < Eastern Han Chinese: *dźok [3]), was a dynastic state of China and one of the three major states that competed for supremacy over China in the Three Kingdoms period.
Liu Shan (pronunciation ⓘ, 207–271), [1] [a] courtesy name Gongsi, was the second and last emperor of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period. As he ascended the throne at the age of 16, Liu Shan was entrusted to the care of the Chancellor Zhuge Liang and Imperial Secretariat Li Yan.
The History of the Former Han Dynasty. 3 vols. Baltimore: Waverly, 1938–55. Digitized text. (Digitized text does not retain volume or page numbers and alters Dubs' footnote numbering.) Glossary. Honey, David B. "The Han shu Manuscript Evidence, and the Textual Criticism of the Shih-chi: The Case of the Hsiung-nu lieh-chuan", CLEAR 21 (1999 ...
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Liu Bei (Chinese: 劉備, pronunciation ⓘ; Mandarin pronunciation: [ljǒʊ pêɪ]; 161 – 10 June 223), [3] courtesy name Xuande (玄德), was a Chinese warlord in the late Eastern Han dynasty who later became the founding emperor of Shu Han, one of the Three Kingdoms of China.
Lü Yi's ancestral home was in Nanyang Commandery (南陽郡), which is around present-day Nanyang, Henan.His father, Lü Chang (呂常), escorted Liu Yan into Yi Province (covering present-day Sichuan and Chongqing) around 188 [3] when Liu Yan was appointed as the Governor of Yi Province by the central government of the Eastern Han dynasty.
In 221, Liu Bei declared himself emperor and founded the state of Shu Han to challenge Cao Pi's claim to the Han throne. [ b ] In the following year, when Liu Bei was away on a military campaign against his ally-turned-rival Sun Quan , Yang Yi offended Liu Ba , the Prefect of the Masters of Writing ( 尚書令 ).
Around 223, when the states of Shu Han and Eastern Wu reestablished their alliance against their rival state Cao Wei, Zhuge Liang, who had become Imperial Chancellor of Shu, sent Deng Zhi as an envoy to Wu to meet its ruler, Sun Quan. One of Deng Zhi's tasks was to seek the release of Zhang Yi and bring him back to Shu.