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Economics is the study of the allocation of scarce resources, and as all economic phenomena take place within a geographical space, urban economics focuses on the allocation of resources across space in relation to urban areas (Arnott & McMillen 2006:7) (McCann 2001:1).
First page of the 1804 original edition of the Napoleonic Code. A code of law, also called a law code or legal code, is a systematic collection of statutes.It is a type of legislation that purports to exhaustively cover a complete system of laws or a particular area of law as it existed at the time the code was enacted, by a process of codification. [1]
The urban environment creates positive externalities that benefit several different industries. Jane Jacobs is often credited with the idea that urban diversity and a city’s size leads to agglomeration economies. However, Marshall’s (1920) [4] discussion of urban diversity predates her work. [5]
A legal code is a body of law written by a local, non-sovereign government authority, such as a municipality. Whether authored or merely adopted by a municipality, it is typically, though not exclusively, enforced by the municipality , as the Authority Having Jurisdiction .
Urbanism is the study of how inhabitants of urban areas, such as towns and cities, interact with the built environment. [1] [2] [3] It is a direct component of disciplines such as urban planning, a profession focusing on the design and management of urban areas, and urban sociology, an academic field which studies urban life. [4] [5]
Law and economics, or economic analysis of law, is the application of microeconomic theory to the analysis of law. The field emerged in the United States during the early 1960s, primarily from the work of scholars from the Chicago school of economics such as Aaron Director , George Stigler , and Ronald Coase .
The bid rent theory is a geographical economic theory that refers to how the price and demand for real estate change as the distance from the central business district (CBD) increases. Bid Rent Theory was developed by William Alonso in 1964, it was extended from the Von-thunen Model (1826), who analyzed agricultural land use.
In encyclopedias, the term "city proper" is often used as an example to illustrate a meaning of the word "proper" as "tightly defined".. The term is a combination of "city" in the sense of "an incorporated administrative district", [8] and "proper" in the sense of "strictly limited to a specified thing, place, or idea" or "strictly accurate". [9]