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Black rot, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), is considered the most important and most destructive disease of crucifers, infecting all cultivated varieties of brassicas worldwide. [1] [2] This disease was first described by botanist and entomologist Harrison Garman in Lexington, Kentucky, US in 1889. [3]
Both X. campestris pv. campestris (known for causing black rot of crucifers) and X. campestris pv. incanae (known for causing bacterial blight of garden stocks) are vascular pathogens, and they have been found to invade the plant host through wounds or hydathodes. Xanthomonas campestris pv.
Causes of this disease include Xanthomonas euvesicatoria and Xanthomonas perforans = [Xanthomonas axonopodis (syn. campestris) pv. vesicatoria], Xanthomonas vesicatoria, and Xanthomonas gardneri. In some areas where infection begins soon after transplanting, the total crop can be lost as a result of this disease. [16] Xanthomonas campestris pv.
Xanthomonas are Gram-negative bacteria that can infect a wide variety of plant species including pepper/capsicum, rice, citrus, cotton, tomato, and soybeans. [7] Some types of Xanthomonas cause localized leaf spot or leaf streak while others spread systemically and cause black rot or leaf blight disease.
The Xanthomonadales are a bacterial order within the Gammaproteobacteria.They are one of the largest groups of bacterial phytopathogens, harbouring species such as Xanthomonas citri, Xanthomonas euvesicatoria, Xanthomonas oryzae and Xylella fastidiosa.
The most common cause of bacterial leaf spots are by bacteria in the genera Pseudomonas and Xanthomonas. For example, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci is known to cause angular leaf spots of cucumber, Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola to cause bean leaf spot and Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli, angular leaf spot of cotton. [7]
Xanthomonas campestris pv. raphani is a gram-negative, obligate aerobic bacterium that like many other Xanthomonas spp. bacteria has been found associated with plants. This organism is closely related with Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, but causes a non-vascular leaf spot disease that is clearly distinct from black rot of brassicas.
Filamentous phage Cf1t from Xanthomonas campestris (of NCBI's proposed species Xanthomonas phage Cf1t, incertae sedis within Inoviridae, likely misspelled as Cflt), [24] was shown in 1987 to integrate into the host bacterial genome, and further such temperate filamentous phages have since been reported, many of which have been implicated in ...