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A mass (air) flow sensor (MAF) is a sensor used to determine the mass flow rate of air entering a fuel-injected internal combustion engine. The air mass information is necessary for the engine control unit (ECU) to balance and deliver the correct fuel mass to the engine. Air changes its density with temperature and pressure.
A typical naturally aspirated engine configuration employs one or the other, whereas forced induction engines typically use both; a MAF sensor on the Cold Air Intake leading to the turbo and a MAP sensor on the intake tract post-turbo before the throttle body on the intake manifold. MAP sensor data can be converted to air mass data by using a ...
Ram-air systems are used on high-performance vehicles, most often on motorcycles and performance cars. The 1990 Kawasaki Ninja ZX-11 C1 model used a ram-air intake, the very first on any production motorcycle. [2] [3] Ram-air was a feature on some cars in the sixties. It fell out of favor in the seventies, but recently made a comeback.
Ram air refers to the principle of using the airflow created by a moving object to increase ambient pressure, known as ram pressure. Often, the purpose of a ram air system is to increase an engine's power. The term "ram air" may also refer to: Parafoils, also called ram air parachutes, non-rigid airfoils inflated by wind
The Ram 1500 also features the previously-available adaptive multi-level air suspension system, but the system now features additional "modes" for off-road use, as well as a mode that lowers the vehicle by 2 in (50 mm) to allow for easier entry and exit. The latter feature can be activated via a button on the keyless entry key fob.
With the advent of advanced emission controls and more advanced fuel injection methods, modern vehicles do not have a thermostatic air intake system and the factory-installed air intake draws unregulated cold air. Aftermarket cold air intake systems are marketed with claims of increased engine efficiency and performance. The putative principle ...