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The art of the Crusades, produced in the Levant under Latin rulership, spanned two artistic periods in Europe, the Romanesque and the Gothic, but in the Crusader states the Gothic style barely appeared. The military crusaders themselves were mostly interested in artistic and development matters, or sophisticated in their taste, and much of ...
The first of these is Crusades, [191] [137] by French historian Louis R. Bréhier, appearing in the Catholic Encyclopedia, based on his L'Église et l'Orient au Moyen Âge: Les Croisades. [192] The second is The Crusades, [193] by English historian Ernest Barker, in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition). Collectively, Bréhier and Barker ...
This was the first of the Crusades, a series of religious wars in Europe and the Middle East from the 11th to the 13th centuries. [ 31 ] [ 32 ] [ 33 ] The four Crusader states established after the First Crusade, as they were in 1135: the Kingdom of Jerusalem , County of Tripoli , Principality of Antioch , and the County of Edessa
Delacroix's painting depicts a brutal episode of the armed expedition known as Fourth Crusade (12 April 1204), in which a Crusaders army abandoned their plan to invade Muslim Egypt and Jerusalem, and instead sacked the Christian (Eastern Orthodox) city of Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire.
Victory in the East : a military history of the First Crusade. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521589871. Sir Archibald Alison, Essays, Political, Historical, and Miscellaneous – vol. II, London, 1850. The Siege and Capture of Jerusalem: Collected Accounts Primary sources from the Internet Medieval Sourcebook.
Krak des Chevaliers was built during the 12th and 13th centuries by the Knights Hospitaller with later additions by Mamluks. It is a World Heritage Site. [1]This is a list of castles in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East, founded or occupied during the Crusades.
Al-Zahir Baibars and the End of the Old Crusades. Beirut: Dar Alnafaes. Claster, Jill N. (2009). Sacred Violence: The European Crusades to the Middle East, 1095–1396. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 9781442604308. Crowley, Roger (2019). The Accursed Tower: The Fall of Acre and the End of the Crusades. Basic Books. ISBN 978-1541697348.
The Massacre of the Latins, a massacre of the Roman Catholic or "Latin" inhabitants of Constantinople by the usurper Andronikos Komnenos and his supporters in May 1182, [5] [6] affected political relations between Western Europe and the Byzantine Empire and led to the 1185 sack of Thessalonica by Normans. [7]