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E.g. A 10-year-old concrete slab can contain more moisture than a 28-day-old slab! Conversely, a self-drying concrete blend consumes all of its mix water with a water:cement ratio of up to 0.6, maintaining good workability while allowing flooring to be installed before it is completely dry.
After sufficient setting and hardening of concrete (after 28 days), the progressive loss of capillary water is also responsible for the "drying shrinkage". It is a continuous and long-term process occurring later during the concrete life when under dry conditions the larger pores of concrete are no longer completely saturated by water. Thermal ...
Many cars have a feature called "courtesy power on" which allows the windows to remain operational for a brief period after the key is taken out of the ignition, so that adjustments can be made without putting the key back in. Additionally, some vehicles offer the option to operate the windows from outside the car using a remote. [12]
Creep and shrinkage of concrete are two physical properties of concrete. The creep of concrete, which originates from the calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) in the hardened Portland cement paste (which is the binder of mineral aggregates), is fundamentally different from the creep of metals and polymers.
Romans also made use of glass in construction with colored glass in mosaics and clear glass for windows. Glass came to be fairly commonly used in windows of public buildings. [ 2 ] Central heating in the form of a hypocaust , a raised floor heated by the exhaust of a wood or coal fire.
While most internal combustion engines don't require time to warm up — even though many people like to hop into a warm vehicle — EV owners may need to take some action before getting on the road.
The alkali–silica reaction (ASR), also commonly known as concrete cancer, [3] is a deleterious internal swelling reaction that occurs over time in concrete between the highly alkaline cement paste and the reactive amorphous (i.e., non-crystalline) silica found in many common aggregates, given sufficient moisture.
Mortar is a mixture with cement and comes from Old French mortier ('builder's mortar, plaster; bowl for mixing') in the late 13th century and Latin mortarium ('mortar'). [7] Lime is a cement [8] which is a binder or glue that holds things together but cement is usually reserved for Portland cement.