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A YG 1 designation indicates a carcass having the highest percentage of boneless, closely trimmed retail cuts, or higher cutability, while a YG 5 carcass would have the lowest of each. The USDA Yield Grades are rated numerically from 1 to 5, with 1 denoting the highest yielding carcass and 5 the lowest.
The following is a list of the American primal cuts, and cuts derived from them. Beef carcasses are split along the axis of symmetry into "halves", then across into front and back "quarters" (forequarters and hindquarters). Canada uses identical cut names (and numbering) as the US, with the exception of the "round" which is called the "hip". [1]
After the animal is slaughtered and cleaned, it is hung as a full or half carcass. Primal (large distinct sections) or sub primal cuts, such as strip loins, rib eyes, and sirloin, are placed in a refrigerator unit, also known as a "hot box". This process involves considerable expense, as the beef must be stored near freezing temperatures.
Yield grades are intended to estimate the pounds of boneless closely trimmed retail cuts from the carcass. Closely trimmed refers to approximately ¼ inch of external fat. Yield grade is determined by considering four carcass characteristics: external fat; kidney, pelvic and heart fat (KPH); ribeye area (REA); and hot carcass weight (HCW).
A meat cutter at work. A meat cutter prepares primal cuts into a variety of smaller cuts intended for sale in a retail environment. The duties of a meat cutter largely overlap those of the butcher, but butchers tend to specialize in pre-sale processing (i.e., reducing carcasses to primal cuts), whereas meat cutters further cut and process the primal cuts per individual customer request.
Meat cuts as depicted in Cassell's dictionary of cookery (1892) A primal cut or cut of meat is a piece of meat initially separated from the carcass of an animal during butchering . Examples of primals include the round, loin, rib, and chuck for beef or the ham, loin, Boston butt, and picnic for pork.
The name "skirt steak" for the butcher's cut of beef diaphragm has been in use since at least the 19th century. The cut is defined as extending to the 10th rib in the early 20th century. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It was formerly considered a less commercially mass-salable cut in America, hence its use for fajitas by the vaqueros in Texas.
British cuts of beef, showing the various cuts of short ribs. Short ribs, by definition, are not the entire length of rib. When the rib bone is cut into a 3-to-6-inch (7.6 to 15.2 cm) length, [9] [8] left as a section of meat (a "plate") containing three or four ribs [10] or cut into individual ribs with meat attached, the short rib is known as an "English cut".