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A graph showing variation of quantum efficiency with wavelength of a CCD chip from Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2, formerly installed on the Hubble Space Telescope.. The term quantum efficiency (QE) may apply to incident photon to converted electron (IPCE) ratio [1] of a photosensitive device, or it may refer to the TMR effect of a magnetic tunnel junction.
The term is sometimes used metaphorically to refer to the ratio of useful information to false or irrelevant data in a conversation or exchange. For example, in online discussion forums and other online communities, off-topic posts and spam are regarded as noise that interferes with the signal of appropriate discussion. [14]
For example, in the case of beam deflection problems it is wise to use a deformed shape that is analytically similar to the expected solution. A quartic may fit most of the easy problems of simply linked beams even if the order of the deformed solution may be lower.
The finite volume method (FVM) is a method for representing and evaluating partial differential equations in the form of algebraic equations. [1] In the finite volume method, volume integrals in a partial differential equation that contain a divergence term are converted to surface integrals, using the divergence theorem.
Source: [1] The potential splits the space in two parts (x < 0 and x > 0).In each of these parts the potential is zero, and the Schrödinger equation reduces to =; this is a linear differential equation with constant coefficients, whose solutions are linear combinations of e ikx and e −ikx, where the wave number k is related to the energy by =.
Pandas' syntax for mapping index values to relevant data is the same syntax Python uses to map dictionary keys to values. For example, if s is a Series, s['a'] will return the data point at index a. Unlike dictionary keys, index values are not guaranteed to be unique.
The field of circuit QED is a prominent example for quantum information processing and a promising candidate for future quantum computation. [2] In the late 2010s decade, experiments involving cQED in 3 dimensions have demonstrated deterministic gate teleportation and other operations on multiple qubits. [3] [4]
All quantities are in Gaussian units except energy and temperature which are in electronvolts.For the sake of simplicity, a single ionic species is assumed. The ion mass is expressed in units of the proton mass, = / and the ion charge in units of the elementary charge, = / (in the case of a fully ionized atom, equals to the respective atomic number).