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Living polymerization: A chain polymerization from which chain transfer and chain termination are absent. Note : In many cases, the rate of chain initiation is fast compared with the rate of chain propagation, so that the number of kinetic-chain carriers is essentially constant throughout the polymerization.
In polymer chemistry, polymerization (American English), or polymerisation (British English), is a process of reacting monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to form polymer chains or three-dimensional networks. [1] [2] [3] There are many forms of polymerization [4] and different systems exist to categorize them. IUPAC definition for ...
Living cationic polymerization is a living polymerization technique involving cationic propagating species. [1] [2] It enables the synthesis of very well defined polymers (low molar mass distribution) and of polymers with unusual architecture such as star polymers and block copolymers and living cationic polymerization is therefore as such of commercial and academic interest.
A telechelic polymer or oligomer is a prepolymer capable of entering into further polymerization or other reactions through its reactive end-groups. [1] It can be used for example to synthesize block copolymers. By definition, a telechelic polymer is a di-end-functional polymer where both ends possess the same functionality. [2]
Living free radical polymerization is a type of living polymerization where the active polymer chain end is a free radical. Several methods exist. Several methods exist. IUPAC recommends [ 1 ] to use the term " reversible-deactivation radical polymerization " instead of "living free radical polymerization", though the two terms are not synonymous.
There is a mode of polymerization referred to as reversible-deactivation polymerization which is distinct from living polymerization, despite some common features. Living polymerization requires a complete absence of termination reactions, whereas reversible-deactivation polymerization may contain a similar fraction of termination as conventional polymerization with the same concentration of ...
Biopolymers can be sustainable, carbon neutral and are always renewable, because they are made from plant or animal materials which can be grown indefinitely. Since these materials come from agricultural crops, their use could create a sustainable industry. In contrast, the feedstocks for polymers derived from petrochemicals will eventually ...
An example is the equimolar copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride formed by free-radical chain-growth polymerization. [39] A step-growth copolymer such as Nylon 66 can also be considered a strictly alternating copolymer of diamine and diacid residues, but is often described as a homopolymer with the dimeric residue of one amine and one acid ...