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Johann Heinrich Zedler's right to publish his Universal-Lexicon was challenged on the grounds that an encyclopedia must always paraphrase other works. An early example of the concept of paraphrasing as a copyright issue arose with Johann Heinrich Zedler 's application in 1730 for copyright protection in Saxony for his Grosses vollständiges ...
Johann Heinrich Zedler (7 January 1706 in Breslau (now Wrocław, Poland) – 21 March 1751 in Leipzig) was a bookseller and publisher. His most important achievement was the creation of a German encyclopedia , the Grosses Universal-Lexicon (Great Universal Lexicon) , [ 1 ] the largest and most comprehensive German-language encyclopedia ...
The Grosses vollständiges Universal-Lexicon aller Wissenschafften und Künste (English: Great Complete Encyclopedia of All Sciences and Arts) is a 68-volume German encyclopedia published by Johann Heinrich Zedler between 1731 and 1754. It was one of the largest printed encyclopedias ever, and the first to include biographies of living people ...
Zedler's Universal-Lexicon is considered the most important German-language encyclopedia of the 18th Century.. Jacob August Franckenstein (27 December 1689 – 10 May 1733) was the main editor of the first two volumes of Johann Heinrich Zedler's Grosses vollständiges Universal-Lexicon (Great Complete Universal Lexicon), the most important encyclopedia published in Germany in the 18th century.
Right to free speech and association rights; Students retain their first amendment rights in institutions of higher education. [135] Papish v. Board of Curators of the Univ. of Missouri (1973) and Joyner v. Whiting (1973) found students may engage in speech that do not interfere with the rights of others or of the operation of the school. [136]
Academic freedom and free speech rights are not coextensive, although this widely accepted view has been challenged by an "institutionalist" perspective on the First Amendment. [83] Academic freedom involves more than speech rights; for example, it includes the right to determine what is taught in the classroom.
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Based on interview and survey data, student media topics that are censored include sexual assault, politics, athletics, women’s reproductive rights, and the #MeToo movement. [12] In 2021, the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education found that 60% of student newspapers at four-year public institutions faced some form of censorship. [14]