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  2. Ethernet hub - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_hub

    4-port 10BASE-T Ethernet hub with selectable MDI-X/MDI port 8-port Ethernet hub with one 10BASE2 connector and eight 10BASE-T ports. An Ethernet hub, active hub, network hub, repeater hub, multiport repeater, or simply hub [a] is a network hardware device for connecting multiple Ethernet devices together and making them act as a single network segment.

  3. Network switch - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_switch

    A network switch (also called switching hub, bridging hub, Ethernet switch, and, by the IEEE, MAC bridge [1]) is networking hardware that connects devices on a computer network by using packet switching to receive and forward data to the destination device.

  4. Hub (network science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hub_(network_science)

    A hub is a component of a network with a high-degree node. Hubs have a significantly larger number of links in comparison with other nodes in the network. The number of links for a hub in a scale-free network is much higher than for the biggest node in a random network, keeping the size N of the network and average degree <k> constant. The ...

  5. Backbone network - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backbone_network

    Hubs are often connected in this way to extend a network. However, hubs are not the only device that can be connected in a serial backbone. Gateways, routers, switches and bridges more commonly form part of the backbone. [14] The serial backbone topology could be used for enterprise-wide networks, though it is rarely implemented for that ...

  6. Computer network - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network

    An ATM network interface in the form of an accessory card. A lot of network interfaces are built-in. A network interface controller (NIC) is computer hardware that connects the computer to the network media and has the ability to process low-level network information. For example, the NIC may have a connector for plugging in a cable, or an ...

  7. Network interface controller - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_interface_controller

    The network controller implements the electronic circuitry required to communicate using a specific physical layer and data link layer standard such as Ethernet or Wi-Fi. [a] This provides a base for a full network protocol stack, allowing communication among computers on the same local area network (LAN) and large-scale network communications through routable protocols, such as Internet ...

  8. Networking hardware - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Networking_hardware

    Unlike less advanced network hubs, a network switch forwards data only to one or multiple devices that need to receive it, rather than broadcasting the same data out of each of its ports. [12] It works on OSI layer 2. Bridge: a device that connects multiple network segments. It works on OSI layers 1 and 2. [13]

  9. Carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier-sense_multiple...

    CSMA/CD was used in now-obsolete shared-medium Ethernet variants (10BASE5, 10BASE2), and in the early versions of twisted-pair Ethernet, which used repeater hubs. Modern Ethernet networks, built with switches and full-duplex connections, no longer need to use CSMA/CD, because each Ethernet segment, or collision domain, is now isolated. CSMA/CD ...