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A propeller (often called a screw if on a ship or an airscrew if on an aircraft) is a device with a rotating hub and radiating blades that are set at a pitch to form a helical spiral which, when rotated, exerts linear thrust upon a working fluid such as water or air. [1]
A 6-bladed Hamilton Standard 568F propeller on an ATR 72 short-haul airliner. Lowry [27] quotes a propeller efficiency of about 73.5% at cruise for a Cessna 172.This is derived from his "Bootstrap approach" for analyzing the performance of light general aviation aircraft using fixed pitch or constant speed propellers.
A propeller imparts momentum to a fluid which causes a force to act on the ship. [1] The ideal efficiency of any propulsor is that of an actuator disc in an ideal fluid. This is called the Froude efficiency and is a natural limit which cannot be exceeded by any device, no matter how good it is.
Contra-rotating propellers Contra-rotating propellers on the Rolls-Royce Griffon-powered P-51XR Mustang Precious Metal at the 2014 Reno Air Races. Aircraft equipped with contra-rotating propellers (CRP) [1] coaxial contra-rotating propellers, or high-speed propellers, apply the maximum power of usually a single piston engine or turboprop engine to drive a pair of coaxial propellers in contra ...
Counter-rotating propellers World War I Linke-Hofmann R.I German heavy bomber (1917) with counter-rotating propellers He 177A Greif with counter-rotating propellers. Counter-rotating propellers (CRP) are propellers which turn in opposite directions to each other. [1] They are used on some twin- and multi-engine propeller-driven aircraft.
The first British ship to use Voith Schneider propellers was the double-ended Isle of Wight ferry MV Lymington, launched in 1938. Some 80 ships had been installed with VSPs by the end of the 1930s, including the uncompleted 1938 German aircraft carrier Graf Zeppelin (two auxiliary units in the bow), and the Japanese submarine cable laying ship ...
A ducted propeller, also known as a Kort nozzle, is a marine propeller fitted with a non-rotating nozzle. It is used to improve the efficiency of the propeller and is especially used on heavily loaded propellers or propellers with limited diameter. It was developed first by Luigi Stipa (1931) and later by Ludwig Kort (1934). The Kort nozzle is ...
Toroidal propellers are most commonly used by the aviation and maritime industries. On drones it is used with thrusts comparable to multirotor drone propellers, and on boats with a notable increase in efficiency. Due to its inaudible frequency, the propellers have also been associated with quiet take off and landing protocols and stealth aircraft.
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