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Despite the prevalence of cyberbullying being low compared with other forms of school violence and bullying, it increases. In seven European countries, the proportion of children aged 11–16 years who use the Internet and reported that they had experienced cyberbullying increased from 7% in 2010 to 12% in 2014. [5]
How schools respond to bullying, however, varies widely. Effects on the victims of school bullying include feelings of depression, anxiety, anger, stress, helplessness, and reduced school performance [8] [9] Empirical research by Sameer Hinduja and Justin Patchin involving a national sample of US youth have found that some victims of school ...
The negative effects of workplace bullying are not limited to the targeted individuals, and can potentially lead to a decline in employee morale and shifts in organizational culture. [6] Workplace bullying can also manifest as overbearing supervision, constant criticism and obstructing promotions.
Pre-adolescent research confirms such a negative relationship between trait EI [a] and bullying behavior; bullying behavior is negatively associated with total empathy and more specifically, the EI dimension of cognitive empathy, which is the ability to understand or take on the emotional experiences and perspectives of others. [7]
Bullying has also been shown to cause maladjustment in young children, and targets of bullying who were also bullies themselves exhibit even greater social difficulties. [56] [75] A mental health report also found that bullying was linked to eating disorders, anxiety, body dysmorphia and other negative psychological effects. [76]
Bullying, in its broadest sense, can be defined as a form of aggressive behavior characterized by unwelcome and negative actions.It entails a recurring pattern of incidents over time, as opposed to isolated conflicts, and typically manifests in situations where there exists an imbalance of power or strength among the individuals involved. [2]
[87] 59% of the bullying was by pupils, mainly on social media, with the rest perpetrated by parents and other school staff. [87] Various effects on bullied teachers included increased stress and anxiety, "negative impacts on their working environment, and a reluctance to report the issue and seek help from management". [87]
LGBTQ+ individuals tend to be victims of bullying, harassment, and family rejection. [91] Bullying and harassment in school on the basis of sexual orientation has been linked to negative mental health (increased depression and lower self-esteem) and education-related outcomes (increased school absences and lower performance). [91]