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A premature ventricular contraction (PVC) is a common event where the heartbeat is initiated by Purkinje fibers in the ventricles rather than by the sinoatrial node. PVCs may cause no symptoms or may be perceived as a "skipped beat" or felt as palpitations in the chest. PVCs do not usually pose any danger. [1]
The side effects of penicillin can be altered by taking other medications at the same time. Taking oral contraceptives along with penicillin may lower the effects of the contraceptive. When probenecid is used concurrently with penicillin, kidney excretion of probenecid is decreased resulting in higher blood levels of penicillin in the circulation.
This can quickly determine if there are bacterial or viral species present in the CSF. If these are ruled out, as well as other causes such as parasitic or fungal causes, then the cause of the meningitis is likely noninfectious in nature. [2] DIAM is among these noninfectious causes of aseptic meningitis. [citation needed]
Beta blocker medications such as propranolol can trigger asthma in those who are susceptible. [85] Cardioselective beta-blockers, however, appear safe in those with mild or moderate disease. [86] [87] Other medications that can cause problems in asthmatics are angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, aspirin, and NSAIDs. [88]
The underlying infection can come in the form of a number of different bacteria or viruses. The data seems to point to Staphylococci as the leading bacterial cause of infection leading to ventriculitis being present in about 90% of cases, [4] but generally, what is of more concern is the way the infection entered the ventricles. The brain in ...
Bacteremia can travel through the blood stream to distant sites in the body and cause infection (hematogenous spread). Hematogenous spread of bacteria is part of the pathophysiology of certain infections of the heart ( endocarditis ), structures around the brain ( meningitis ), and tuberculosis of the spine ( Pott's disease ).
The onset of symptoms can occasionally be gradual rather than sudden. [8] The cause of pericarditis often remains unknown but is believed to be most often due to a viral infection. [4] [8] Other causes include bacterial infections such as tuberculosis, uremic pericarditis, heart attack, cancer, autoimmune disorders, and chest trauma.
Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism; [9] prophylaxis and treatment of thromboembolic complications associated with atrial fibrillation and/or cardiac valve replacement; [9] and reduction in the risk of death, recurrent myocardial infarction, and thromboembolic events such as stroke or systemic embolization after ...