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Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), also known as obstetric cholestasis, cholestasis of pregnancy, jaundice of pregnancy, and prurigo gravidarum, [1] is a medical condition in which cholestasis occurs during pregnancy. [2] It typically presents with itching and can lead to complications for both mother and fetus. [2]
A similar physical sign had been described by Carl von Fernwald Braun. [2] It comes from an era when laboratory tests for pregnancy had not been developed, but experience gained in pelvic examination during early pregnancy by western gynecologists led them to publish their physical findings, allowing clinical diagnosis of pregnancy. [ 3 ]
The sign is usually present from 4–6 weeks [2] until the 12th week of pregnancy. Hegar's sign is more difficult to recognize in multiparous women. Interpretation: On bimanual examination (two fingers in the anterior fornix and two fingers below the uterus per abdomen), the abdominal and vaginal fingers seem to oppose below the body of uterus ...
[citation needed] For example, the obstetric history of a female who has had two pregnancies (both of which resulted in live births) would be noted as G 2 P 2. The obstetric history of a female who has had four pregnancies, one of which was a miscarriage before 20 weeks, would be noted in the GPA system as G 4 P 3 A 1 and in the GP system as G ...
In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (), false pregnancy is a somatic symptom disorder; it is listed as "not elsewhere classified", meaning it is in a category by itself, different from other somatic symptom disorders such as functional neurological symptom disorder (formerly known as conversion disorders). [2]
Women who are underweight (BMI of less than 18.5), should gain between 12.7 and 18 kg (28–40 lb), while those who are overweight (BMI of 25–29.9) are advised to gain between 6.8 and 11.3 kg (15–25 lb) and those who are obese (BMI ≥ 30) should gain between 5–9 kg (11–20 lb). [105]
About 10% of pregnancies globally are complicated by hypertensive diseases. [4] In the United States, hypertensive disease of pregnancy affects about 8% to 13% of pregnancies. [3] Rates have increased in the developing world. [3] They resulted in 29,000 deaths in 2013 down from 37,000 deaths in 1990. [5]
Obstetric ultrasonography, or prenatal ultrasound, is the use of medical ultrasonography in pregnancy, in which sound waves are used to create real-time visual images of the developing embryo or fetus in the uterus (womb).