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Russian national border change since 1991. This map shows that some portions of the border were continuously held by Russia for more than 200 years before being given to the newly independent states of the "near abroad". Russian GDP since the end of the Soviet Union (from 2014 are forecasts) Russian male life expectancy, 1980–2007
The frontiers between Poland, which had established an unstable independent government following World War I, and the former Tsarist empire, were rendered chaotic by the repercussions of the Russian revolutions, the civil war and the winding down of World War I. Poland's Józef Piłsudski envisioned a new federation (Międzymorze), forming a ...
Efforts to build communism in Russia began after the success of the February Revolution in 1917, and ended with the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. The Provisional Government was established under the liberal and social-democratic government; however, the Bolsheviks refused to accept the government and revolted in October 1917 , taking control ...
The few remaining Soviet institutions that had not been taken over by Russia ceased to function by the end of 1991. Following the dissolution, Russia was internationally recognized [109] as the USSR's legal successor on the international stage. To that end, Russia voluntarily accepted all Soviet foreign debt and claimed Soviet overseas ...
There were people and organizations who predicted that the USSR would dissolve before the eventual dissolution of the USSR in 1991. [1]Arguably the first prediction can be credited to Ludwig von Mises which he made already during the Russian Civil War in 1920 in his Economic Calculation in the Socialist Commonwealth arguing that the socialist system itself would inherently eventually lead to ...
Russia's GDP by purchasing power parity (PPP) from 1991 to 2019 (in international dollars) Russian male life expectancy from 1980 to 2007. With the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact and COMECON and other treaties that served to bind its satellite states to the Soviet Union, the conversion of the world's largest state-controlled economy into a market-oriented economy would have been ...
The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World (Basic Books, 2005). Downing, Taylor. Reagan, Andropov, and a World on the Brink (2018) d'Encausse, Hélène Carrère, The End of the Soviet Empire: The Triumph of the Nations (Basic Books, 1992), ISBN 0-465-09818-5; Fenzel, Michael R (2020).
The Political parties of Russia in 1917 were the aggregate of the main political parties and organizations that existed in Russia in 1917. Immediately after the February Revolution, the defeat of the right–wing monarchist parties and political groups takes place, the struggle between the socialist parties (Socialist Revolutionaries, Mensheviks, Bolsheviks) and liberals (Constitutional ...