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Naga in Javanese language means "a big snake; a dragon". [4] It refers to a mythical green snake in the Old Java that brings fertility to the earth. The word is derived from a Sanskrit word naga. [5]
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Semar is the personification of a deity, sometimes said to be the dhanyang (Javanese: ꦝꦚꦁ) [5] or guardian spirit of the island of Java. In Javanese mythology, deities can only manifest themselves as ugly or otherwise unprepossessing humans, and so Semar is always portrayed as short and fat with a pug nose and a dangling hernia.
Petruk and the Punokawan can also be found in modern Indonesian literature. In Nano Riantiarno's Semar Gugat (1995), for instance, Petruk appears as a son of Semar who abandons him after the latter loses his powers. [8] Allusions to the character can be found in cartoons. [2]
Seno Nugroho was born in Yogyakarta, 23 August 1972. He comes from a family of shadow puppeteers. His great-grandfather was the puppeteer of Pura Pakualaman's servant, Ki Jayeng, while his grandfather was the puppeteer Ki Cermo Bancak, who later had the son Ki Suparman Cermo Wiyoto, the father of Ki Seno Nugroho.
Semar is a character in Javanese mythology who frequently appears in wayang shadow plays. He is one of the punokawan (clowns) but is divine and very wise. He is the dhanyang (guardian spirit) of Java, [ 1 ] and is regarded by some as the most sacred figure of the wayang set. [ 2 ]
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According to Vogler – a scholar of Indonesian architecture and history, the Gedong Songo were built in the 9th century, about a hundred years after Phase III Javanese temples such as Candi Arjuna, Sewu, Semar, Lumbung and other temples. [1] In contrast, Soekmono dates these to the 8th century and places the Dieng temples to the 7th century.