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Human genetic variants that likely cause dysregulation of critical meiotic processes have been identified in 14 female infertility associated genes. [53] A major cause of female infertility is premature ovarian insufficiency. [54] This insufficiency is a heterogeneous disease that affects about 1% of women who are under the age of 40. [54]
The replacement fertility rate is 2.1 births per female for most developed countries (in the United Kingdom, for example), but can be as high as 3.5 in undeveloped countries because of higher mortality rates, especially child mortality. [11]
At birth, women have all their follicles for folliculogenesis, and they steadily decline until menopause." [17] In terms of ovarian reserve, a typical woman has 12% of her reserve at age 30 and has only 3% at age 40. [18] 81% of variation in ovarian reserve is due to age alone, [18] making age the most important factor in female infertility.
State federal district or territory TFR 2019 [1] TFR 2020 [2] TFR 2021 [3] TFR 2022 [4] Guam 2.74: 2.64: 2.36: 2.26 American Samoa South Dakota 2.08: 1.98: 2.07: 2.01 Nebraska 1.97: 1.94: 1.95: 1.94
General fertility rate (GFR) - the number of births in a year divided by the number of women aged 15–44, times 1000. It focuses on the potential mothers only, and takes the age distribution into account. Child-Woman Ratio (CWR) - the ratio of the number of children under 5 to the number of women 15–49, times 1000. It is especially useful in ...
Male infertility is responsible for 20–30% of infertility cases, while 20–35% are due to female infertility, and 25–40% are due to combined problems in both partners. [29] [5] In 10–20% of cases, no cause is found. [5] The most common cause of female infertility are ovulation problems, usually manifested by scanty or absent menstrual ...
20-30% percent of infertility cases are due to male infertility, 20–35% are due to female infertility, and 25-40% are due to combined problems. [13] In 10–20% of cases, no cause is found. [13] The most common cause of female infertility is ovulatory problems, which generally manifest themselves by sparse or absent menstrual periods. [60]
Female fertility agents are medications that improve female’s ability to conceive pregnancy. These agents are prescribed for infertile female who fails to conceive pregnancy after 1-year of regular and unprotected sexual intercourse. [1] The following will cover the advancements of female fertility agents, major causes of female infertility.