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The Spanish copulas are ser and estar.The latter developed as follows: stare → *estare → estar. The copula ser developed from two Latin verbs. Thus its inflectional paradigm is a combination: most of it derives from svm (to be) but the present subjunctive appears to come from sedeo (to sit) via the Old Spanish verb seer.
The differences between ser and estar are considered one of the most difficult concepts for non-native speakers. Both ser and estar translate into English as "to be", but they have different uses, depending on whether they are used with nouns, with adjectives, with past participles (more precisely, passive participles), or to express location.
Similarly, the participle agrees with the subject when it is used with ser to form the "true" passive voice (e.g. La carta fue escrita ayer 'The letter was written [got written] yesterday.'), and also when it is used with estar to form a "passive of result", or stative passive (as in La carta ya está escrita 'The letter is already written.').
Another well-known example comes from the Portuguese or Spanish verbs ser and estar, both being translatable as to be (see Romance copula). Ser is used with essence or nature, while estar is used with states or conditions, however. Sometimes this information is not very relevant for the meaning of the whole sentence and the translator will ...
she te PAST Ø COP an in Ayiti. Haiti. Li te Ø an Ayiti. she PAST COP in Haiti. "She was in Haiti." 1b) Liv-la book-the Ø COP jon. yellow. Liv-la Ø jon. book-the COP yellow. "The book is yellow." 1c) Timoun-yo Kids-the Ø COP lakay. home. Timoun-yo Ø lakay. Kids-the COP home. "The kids are [at] home." 2. Use se when the complement is a noun phrase. But, whereas other verbs come after any ...
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My heart! At the end when they were sleeping with her, I totally melted! This brought back so many memories for me of bringing home our babies and our Westies meeting them for the first time.
The verbs ser (to be) and ir (to go) both exhibit irregularities in the present, imperfect and preterite forms (note that these two verbs have the same preterite fui). Together with ver (to see) and prever (to foresee), they are the only four verbs with irregular imperfect indicative.