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HAARP antenna array. The HAARP project directs a 3.6 M W signal, in the 2.8–10 MHz region of the HF band, into the ionosphere. The signal may be pulsed or continuous. Effects of the transmission and any recovery period can be examined using associated instrumentation, including VHF and UHF radars, HF receivers, and optical cameras. According ...
The transmitting antenna (on the left in the pictures) was a square 72x72 array of 5,184 crossed-dipole antenna elements spaced 0.55 wavelength (37 cm) apart, [13] which was later upgraded to 5928 elements. [6] Each antenna element receives power from a separate transmitter module having an output power of 10 kW
An ionospheric heater, or an ionospheric HF pump facility, is a powerful radio wave transmitter with an array of antennas which is used for research of plasma turbulence, the ionosphere and upper atmosphere. [1]
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Initially, riometers were single, wide-beam detectors and measured the cosmic noise absorption (CNA). Multi-beam riometers have also been developed, which have multiple narrow beams, typically formed by a Butler matrix on a phased antenna array. Each beam forms its own riometer and has its own quiet-day curve determination.
An antenna array (or array antenna) is a set of multiple connected antennas which work together as a single antenna, to transmit or receive radio waves. [ 1 ] : p.149 [ 2 ] The individual antennas (called elements ) are usually connected to a single receiver or transmitter by feedlines that feed the power to the elements in a specific phase ...
The high frequency radio transmitter arrays at Longreach and Laverton have 28 elements, each driven by a 20-kilowatt power amplifier giving a total power of 560 kW. [2] Stage B transmitted 20 kW per amplifier. [2] The signal is bounced off the ionosphere, landing in the "illuminated" area of target interest. Much incident radiation is reflected ...
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