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Ijtihad is considered to be a religious duty for those qualified to perform it. [3] An Islamic scholar who is qualified to perform ijtihad is called a "mujtahid". [2] [5] For first five centuries of Islam, the practice of ijtihad continued in theory and practice among Sunni Muslims. It then first became subject to dispute in the 12th century. [6]
A traditionally-trained female scholar is referred to as ʿālimah or Shaykha. [1] The inclusion of women in university settings has increased the presence of women scholars. [ 2 ] Akram Nadwi authored the largest compilation on female Islamic scholars, titled Al-Wafa bi Asma al-Nisa , spanning over two decades and containing a repository of ...
She was a student of renowned scholars such as Ayatollah Shahidi, Ayatollah Haqqi, Ayatollah Ali Meshkini and Ayatollah Mohammad Hassan Ahmadi Faqih (who was her husband). [3] Sefati achieved the highest jurisprudence degree (Ijtihad), an accomplishment made only by a small number of women.
Important female scholars such as Shuhda, Zaynab, Aisha, and Fatimah were trained at a very young age and influenced heavily by family members who were also scholars or immersed in the knowledge. [120] Each had an extensive following and made many contributions to teaching those of various backgrounds. [120]
She also granted numerous ijazahs of ijtihad to female and male scholars, among them Sayyid Mar'ashi Najafi. [3] She wrote several books about Islamic sciences, among them a tafsir in 15 volumes, and established a maktab in Isfahan in 1965, called Maktab-e Fatimah.
Historically, female scholars in Islam were referred to as shaykhah (Arabic: شيخة) (alt. shaykhat). Notable shaykha include the 10th-century Shaykhah Fakhr-un-Nisa Shuhdah [17] and 18th-century scholar Al-Shaykha Fatima al-Fudayliyya. [18]
Women acting as leaders, teachers, and authorities in other capacities however is not deviating from the Islamic orthodoxy as women have never been restricted from becoming scholars, ulema, jurists, muftis, preachers, missionaries, or spiritual guides. There is a long history of female masters of Islamic sciences teaching men.
This is a non-diffusing subcategory of Category:Scholars of Islam. It includes scholars that can also be found in the parent category, or in diffusing subcategories of the parent. Not to be confused with category Women scholars of the medieval Islamic world .