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In materials science, a general rule of mixtures is a weighted mean used to predict various properties of a composite material. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It provides a theoretical upper- and lower-bound on properties such as the elastic modulus , ultimate tensile strength , thermal conductivity , and electrical conductivity . [ 3 ]
Composite materials are also becoming more common in the realm of orthopedic surgery, [42] and it is the most common hockey stick material. Carbon composite is a key material in today's launch vehicles and heat shields for the re-entry phase of spacecraft. It is widely used in solar panel substrates, antenna reflectors and yokes of spacecraft.
Voigt [4] (1887) - Strains constant in composite, rule of mixtures for stiffness components. Reuss (1929) [5] - Stresses constant in composite, rule of mixtures for compliance components. Strength of Materials (SOM) - Longitudinally: strains constant in composite, stresses volume-additive. Transversely: stresses constant in composite, strains ...
A rule of mixtures may be applied to find the strain rate of the composite given the strain rates of the constituents. [22] For particulates, a simple sum of the product of the cross-sectional area fraction and creep response of each constituent can determine the composite's total creep response.
The above equations assumed the fibers were aligned with the direction of loading. A modified rule of mixtures can be used to predict composite strength, including an orientation efficiency factor, , which accounts for the decrease in strength from misaligned fibers. [3]
In materials science, a polymer blend, or polymer mixture, is a member of a class of materials analogous to metal alloys, in which at least two polymers are blended together to create a new material with different physical properties.
J. C. Halpin Effect of Environmental Factors on Composite Materials, US Air Force Material Laboratory, Technical Report AFML-TR-67-423, June 1969; J.C. Halpin and J. L. Kardos Halpin-Tsai equations:A review, Polymer Engineering and Science, 1976, v16, N5, pp 344-352; Halpin-Tsai model on about.com Archived 2006-05-07 at the Wayback Machine
In crystallography, materials science and metallurgy, Vegard's law is an empirical finding (heuristic approach) resembling the rule of mixtures.In 1921, Lars Vegard discovered that the lattice parameter of a solid solution of two constituents is approximately a weighted mean of the two constituents' lattice parameters at the same temperature: [1] [2]