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Rothia mucilaginosa is a Gram-positive, coagulase-negative, encapsulated, non-spore-forming and non-motile coccus, present in clusters, tetrads or pairs that is a part of the normal oropharyngeal flora. [3] Belonging to the family Micrococcaceae, it was first isolated from the mucous membrane of the cheek and gingiva. [4]
The genus Klebsiella was named after the German microbiologist Edwin Klebs (1834–1913). [citation needed] It is also known as Friedlander's bacillum in honor of Carl Friedländer, a German pathologist, who proposed that this bacterium was the etiological factor for the pneumonia seen especially in immunocompromised individuals such as people with chronic diseases or alcoholics.
Klebsiella species are routinely found in the human nose, mouth, and gastrointestinal tract as normal flora; however, they can also behave as opportunistic human pathogens. [6] Klebsiella species are known to also infect a variety of other animals, both as normal flora and opportunistic pathogens. [4]
It has been found to live in various wastes, hygiene chemicals, and soil. It also has some commercial significance; experiments using molasses as the substrate have produced hydrogen gas. K. aerogenes is an outstanding hydrogen producer.
Since some of these products are potent proinflammatory stimuli it is extremely important for the immune system to distinguish between pathogens and non-pathogenic commensals. This prevents the development of constant inflammation and forms tolerance against harmless microbiota. [6] Mechanisms underlying inflammation. The airway epithelium has ...
In microbiology, the term isolation refers to the separation of a strain from a natural, mixed population of living microbes, as present in the environment, for example in water or soil, or from living beings with skin flora, oral flora or gut flora, in order to identify the microbe(s) of interest. [1]
These bacteria have a rod shape with a typical length of 1–5 μm. Most C. freundii cells have several flagella used for locomotion, although some non-motile taxa do not. C. freundii is a soil-dwelling microorganism, but can also be found in water, sewage, food, and the intestinal tracts of animals and humans. The genus Citrobacter was ...
Prevotella melaninogenica is a species of bacterium in the normal microbiota of the upper respiratory tract. It is an important human pathogen in various anaerobic infections, often mixed with other aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. [2] P. melaninogenica is an anaerobic, Gram-negative rod, named for its black colonies, and black pigment.