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Circle chart of values in the theory of basic human values [1] The theory of basic human values is a theory of cross-cultural psychology and universal values developed by Shalom H. Schwartz. The theory extends previous cross-cultural communication frameworks such as Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory. Schwartz identifies ten basic human ...
Invoking the notion of preparedness, Haidt and Joseph claimed that each of the ethics formed a cognitive module, whose development was shaped by culture. [ 1 ] [ 20 ] They wrote that each module could "provide little more than flashes of affect when certain patterns are encountered in the social world", while a cultural learning process shaped ...
Personal development planning is the process of creating an action plan for current and future based on awareness, values, reflection, goal-setting and investment in personal development within the context of a career, education, relationship, and self-improvement.
Kohlberg's bodies of work on the stages of moral development have been utilized by others working in the field. One example is the Defining Issues Test (DIT) created in 1979 by James Rest, [39] originally as a pencil-and-paper alternative to the Moral Judgement Interview. [40]
Although similar, both concepts portray different ideas. Personal development specifies the focus of the "what" that is evolving, while personal growth entails a much more holistic view of broader concepts including morals and values being developed. [6] Personal development can also include developing other people's skills and personalities. [7]
Value theory is the systematic study of values.Also called axiology, it examines the nature, sources, and types of values.As a branch of philosophy, it has interdisciplinary applications in fields such as economics, sociology, anthropology, and psychology.
Personal values exist in relation to cultural values, either in agreement with or divergence from prevailing norms. A culture is a social system that shares a set of common values, in which such values permit social expectations and collective understandings of the good, beautiful and constructive.
Kofi Annan, 'Do We Still Have Universal Values'. Martha Nussbaum, (1999). 'In Defense of Universal Values', Women and Human Development; The 5th Annual Hesburgh Lectures on Ethics and Public Policy. Occasional Paper Series, 16:OP:1. Shalom H. Schwartz, 'Basic Human Values: An Overview'. (Accessed 6 Feb. 2016). Michael J. Zimmerman, (2007).