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Knowledge, education and understanding are uppermost in management plans for tic disorders, [6] and psychoeducation is the first step. [14] [15] A child's parents are typically the first to notice their tics; [16] they may feel worried, imagine that they are somehow responsible, or feel burdened by misinformation about Tourette's. [14]
Simple motor tics are typically sudden, brief, meaningless movements that usually involve only one group of muscles, such as eye blinking, head jerking, or shoulder shrugging. [10] Motor tics can be of an endless variety and may include such movements as hand clapping, neck stretching, mouth movements, head, arm or leg jerks, and facial grimacing.
Tourette syndrome or Tourette's syndrome (abbreviated as TS or Tourette's) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that begins in childhood or adolescence. It is characterized by multiple movement (motor) tics and at least one vocal (phonic) tic.
Chronic tic disorder was either single or multiple motor or phonic tics, but not both, which were present for more than a year. Tourette syndrome was diagnosed when both motor and phonic tics were present for more than a year. Tic disorder NOS was diagnosed when tics were present, but did not meet the criteria for any specific tic disorder.
Treatment of tics present in conditions such as Tourette's syndrome begins with patient, relative, teacher and peer education about the presentation of the tics. Sometimes, pharmacological treatment is unnecessary and tics can be reduced by behavioral therapy such as habit-reversal therapy and/or counseling. Often this route of treatment is ...
Tourette syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder with primary indicators being vocal and motor tics. To be classified as Tourette's syndrome, the individual must have a minimum of one vocal tic and two motor tics that have been chronically present. A tic is defined as a sudden, recurring, automatic, movement or vocalization. [18]
Controlled trials have demonstrated that HRT is an acceptable, tolerable, effective and durable treatment for tics; [1] HRT reduces the severity of vocal tics, and results in enduring improvement of tics when compared with supportive therapy. [7] HRT has been shown to be more effective than supportive therapy and, in some studies, medication. [8]
Tourette syndrome (TS) is an inherited neurological condition of multiple motor and at least one vocal tic. Although Tourette syndrome is the most common cause of tic disorders, [1] other sporadic, genetic, and neurodegenerative disorders may also exhibit tics. [2] [3]