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Reperfusion injury, sometimes called ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) or reoxygenation injury, is the tissue damage caused when blood supply returns to tissue (re-+ perfusion) after a period of ischemia or lack of oxygen (anoxia or hypoxia).
Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) tissue injury is the resultant pathology from a combination of factors, including tissue hypoxia, followed by tissue damage associated with re-oxygenation. IR injury contributes to disease and mortality in a variety of pathologies, including myocardial infarction , ischemic stroke , acute kidney injury , trauma ...
[5] [6] It is a reperfusion injury that appears after the release of the crushing pressure. The mechanism is believed to be the release into the bloodstream of muscle breakdown products—notably myoglobin , potassium and phosphorus —that are the products of rhabdomyolysis (the breakdown of skeletal muscle damaged by ischemic conditions).
[12] [26] Muscle necrosis can happen fast, sometimes within just 3 hours after an injury. [13] A fasciotomy in the leg's lateral compartment might cause symptoms affecting nearby nerves and muscles. [10] These may include foot drop, numbness along leg, numbness of big toe, pain, and loss of foot eversion. [10]
Acute limb ischaemia (ALI) occurs when there is a sudden lack of blood flow to a limb [1] within 14 days of symptoms onset. [2] On the other hand, when the symptoms exceed 14 days, [3] it is called critical limb ischemia (CLI).
Although it can occur asymptomatically, the typical symptom is severe pain in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen, sometimes radiating to the left shoulder. Fever and chills develop in some cases. [11] It has to be differentiated from other causes of acute abdomen. Limb: Limb infarction is an infarction of an arm or leg.
This category reflects the organization of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision. Generally, diseases outlined within the ICD-10 codes S80-S89 within Chapter XIX: Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes should be included in this category.
Critical limb ischemia is diagnosed by the presence of ischemic rest pain, and an ulcers that will not heal or gangrene due to insufficient blood flow. [3] Insufficient blood flow may be confirmed by ankle-brachial index (ABI), ankle pressure, toe-brachial index (TBI), toe systolic pressure, transcutaneous oxygen measurement (TcpO2 ), or skin perfusion pressure (SPP).