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Teloschistes chrysophthalmus, sometimes referred to as the gold-eye lichen or golden-eye, is a fruticose lichen with branching lobes. Their sexual structures, apothecia , are bright-orange with spiny projections ( cilia ) situated around the rim.
The lichen's reproductive structures, or ascomata, are usually brightly coloured, and typically in the form of an apothecium – a wide, open, saucer-shaped or cup-shaped fruit body. In most species, these apotheciate ascomata have a lecanorine form, in which the apothecial disc is surrounded by a pale rim of tissue known as a thalline margin .
It has wide distribution, and many common names such as common orange lichen, yellow scale, [2] maritime sunburst lichen and shore lichen. It can be found near the shore on rocks or walls (hence the epithet parietina meaning "on walls"), [ 3 ] and also on inland rocks, walls, or tree bark. [ 4 ]
The lichen was first formally described as a new species by the Swedish lichenologist Erik Acharius in 1799. [3] He classified it in the eponymous genus Lichen, which was standard at the time. In 1803 he transferred it to the genus Parmelia. [4] Ernst Stizenberger transferred it to the genus Anzia in 1862. [5]
In North America, one vernacular name for the lichen is pink bull's-eye lichen. [ 4 ] Placopsis lambii is distinguished by its placodioid thallus that features deeply notched and radiating edge lobes , a glossy upper surface, typically dark and somewhat rounded soralia , and non-lobate cephalodia that may be absent in certain samples.
The thallus is the vegetative body of a lichen that contains the lichen mycobiont (fungus) and the photobiont (algae and/or cyanobacteria). In P. acicularis, the primary thallus (thallus horizontalis) is spread out like a granular crust on the surface of its substrate. It is light green when young, but becomes gray in age or when dry. [16]
Dirinaria picta forms suborbicular to spreading thalli, closely attached to the substrate, and can be saxicolous or corticolous.The lobes are stellate-radiating, contiguous, and pinnatifid to multifid, typically measuring 1-1.5 mm wide.
Buellia griseovirens (a type of button lichen [1]) is a species [2] of lichen belonging to the family Caliciaceae. [a] [3] [4] It exhibits a crustose growth type and is commonly found on well-lit, smooth bark, and worked timber surfaces. The species can tolerate moderate pollution. [5]