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Epistemology is the philosophical study of knowledge and related concepts, such as justification. Also called theory of knowledge, [a] it examines the nature and types of knowledge. It further investigates the sources of knowledge, like perception, inference, and testimony, to understand how knowledge is created.
Computational epistemology; Historical epistemology – study of the historical conditions of, and changes in, different kinds of knowledge; Meta-epistemology – metaphilosophical study of the subject, matter, methods and aims of epistemology and of approaches to understanding and structuring knowledge of knowledge itself
Piaget created the International Center for Genetic Epistemology in Geneva in 1955 while on the faculty of the University of Geneva, and directed the center until his death in 1980. [8] The number of collaborations that its founding made possible, and their impact, ultimately led to the Center being referred to in the scholarly literature as ...
The research emerged in part from William G. Perry's research on the cognitive intellectual development of male Harvard College students. [1] [4] Developmental theories of epistemic cognition in this model have been developed by Deanna Kuhn and others, with a focus on the sequential phases of development characterising changes in views of knowledge and knowing.
Aristotle's immanent realism means his epistemology is based on the study of things that exist or happen in the world, and rises to knowledge of the universal, whereas for Plato epistemology begins with knowledge of universal Forms (or ideas) and descends to knowledge of particular imitations of these. [52]
It is one of several competing views within epistemology, along with rationalism and skepticism. Empiricists argue that empiricism is a more reliable method of finding the truth than purely using logical reasoning , because humans have cognitive biases and limitations which lead to errors of judgement. [ 2 ]
Thus, epistemology is broadly understood as a branch of philosophical study into the nature and limits of knowledge. In comparison, epistemic insight is a leap of mind that takes place when a learner makes a connection or realisation about how knowledge works that makes sense to them.
Applied epistemology refers to the study that determines whether the systems of investigation that seek the truth lead to true beliefs about the world. [1] A specific conceptualization cites that it attempts to reveal whether these systems contribute to epistemic aims. [ 2 ]