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The Sixteen Kingdoms (simplified Chinese: 十六国; traditional Chinese: 十六國; pinyin: Shíliù Guó), less commonly the Sixteen States, was a chaotic period in Chinese history from AD 304 to 439 when northern China fragmented into a series of short-lived dynastic states.
The Northern Liang (Chinese: 北涼; pinyin: Běi Liáng; 397–439) [3] was a dynastic state of China and one of the Sixteen Kingdoms in Chinese history. It was ruled by the Juqu (沮渠) family of Lushuihu ethnicity, [3] though they are sometimes categorized as Xiongnu in some historiographies. [4]
Crespigny, Rafe (2007), A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23-220 AD), Brill Shin, Michael D. (2014), Korean History in Maps , Cambridge University Press Twitchett, Denis (2008), The Cambridge History of China 1 , Cambridge University Press
This inaugurated the chaotic and bloody Sixteen Kingdoms era of Chinese history, in which states in the north rose and fell in rapid succession, constantly fighting both one another and the Jin. Han-Zhao , one of the northern states established during the disorder, sacked Luoyang in 311 , captured Chang'an in 316, and executed Emperor Min of ...
Yan, known in historiography as the Later Yan (simplified Chinese: 后燕; traditional Chinese: 後燕; pinyin: Hòu Yān; 384 – 407 or 409), was a dynastic state of China ruled by the Xianbei people during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms. [10] The prefix "Later" to distinguish them from the Former Yan before them and other Yan states from the ...
The Sixteen Kingdoms period of Chinese history (304-439 CE). It was a chaotic period in Chinese history, when the political order of northern China fractured into a series of short-lived dynastic states, most of which were founded by the "Five Barbarians," non-Han peoples who had settled in northern and western China during the preceding centuries and participated in the overthrow of the ...
Among the Sixteen Kingdoms, the Later Zhao was the second in territorial size to the Former Qin dynasty that once unified northern China under Fu Jian. In historiography, it is given the prefix of "Later" to distinguish it with the Han-Zhao or Former Zhao, which changed its name from "Han" to "Zhao" just before the Later Zhao was founded.
Western Liang's founder, Li Gao was from the Li clan of Longxi, a prominent Han Chinese family that claimed descent from figures such as Laozi, Li Xìn and Li Guang.Under the Western Jin and Former Liang dynasties, his family members served as administrators in the Hexi Corridor.