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In radio engineering and telecommunications, standing wave ratio (SWR) is a measure of impedance matching of loads to the characteristic impedance of a transmission line or waveguide. Impedance mismatches result in standing waves along the transmission line, and SWR is defined as the ratio of the partial standing wave 's amplitude at an ...
A standing wave ratio meter, SWR meter, ISWR meter (current "I" SWR), or VSWR meter (voltage SWR) measures the standing wave ratio (SWR) in a transmission line. [ a ] The meter indirectly measures the degree of mismatch between a transmission line and its load (usually an antenna ).
Each of these layers incorporates plans for different time horizons, i.e. the business planning layer determines the planning that the operator must perform to ensure that the network will perform as required for its intended life-span. The Operations and Maintenance layer, however, examines how the network will run on a day-to-day basis.
Telecommunications Services United States 60,286.87 01/26/2000 Shareholders Other Financials Canada Nortel Networks Corp Telecommunications Equipment Canada 59,973.57 06/14/1999 Qwest Commun Intl Inc Telecommunications Services United States US WEST Inc Other Telecom United States 56,307.03 06/24/1998 AT&T Corp Telecommunications Services
ZVA40 vector network analyzer from Rohde & Schwarz.. A network analyzer is an instrument that measures the network parameters of electrical networks.Today, network analyzers commonly measure s–parameters because reflection and transmission of electrical networks are easy to measure at high frequencies, but there are other network parameter sets such as y-parameters, z-parameters, and h ...
In the telecommunications world, convergence has come to mean a moving towards the use of one medium as opposed to manipulation of all forms of information including voice, data, and video across all types of network instead of carrying information separately within distinct networks.
An OAN uses a different business model than traditional telecommunications networks. Regardless of whether the two- or three-layer model is used, an open-access network fundamentally means that there is an "organisational separation" of each of the layers.
OSS/BSS, in telecommunications, refer to operations support system and business support system. The distinction emphasizes a separation of concerns between maintaining network operations and the business around which that network is built. Communications service providers support a broad range of services and functions with their OSS/BSS.