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Constantinople [a] (see other names) was a historical city located on the Bosporus that served as the capital of the Roman, Byzantine, Latin, and Ottoman empires between its consecration in 330 until 1930, when it was renamed to Istanbul.
In Constantinople of this period created the theologian and writer Photios, an outstanding poet John Grammaticus and poetess Kassia of Constantinople. In May 861, the so-called Double Council took place in the Church of the Holy Apostles, which condemned the deposition of Patriarch Ignatios. [107] [8] [108] [109]
New Rome (Ancient Greek: Νέα Ῥώμη, Néa Rhṓmē; Koinē Greek: [ˈne̞a ˈr̥o̞ːme̞ː]; Latin: Nova Roma; Late Latin: [ˈnɔwa ˈroma]) was the original name given by the Roman emperor Constantine the Great to his new imperial capital in 330 CE, [1] which was built as an expansion of the city of Byzantium on the European coast of the Bosporus strait.
With its strategic position, Constantinople controlled the major trade routes between Asia and Europe, as well as the passage from the Mediterranean Sea to the Black Sea. On May 29, 1453, the city was conquered by the Ottoman Turks, and again became the capital of a powerful state, the Ottoman Empire. The Turks called the city "Istanbul ...
The inhabitants of the empire, now generally termed Byzantines, thought of themselves as Romans (Romaioi).Their Islamic neighbours similarly called their empire the "land of the Romans" (Bilād al-Rūm), while the people of medieval Western Europe preferred to call them "Greeks" (Graeci), as they regarded themselves as being the true inheritors of Roman identity. [6]
During the Second Bulgarian Empire, 14th-century literary compositions portrayed the then capital of Tarnovo, now Veliko Tarnovo, as successor of both Rome and Constantinople. [24] Bulgarian contemporaries called the city "Tsarevgrad Tarnov", the Imperial city of Tarnovo, echoing the Bulgarian name then used for Constantinople, Tsarigrad. [25]
According to Pliny the Elder Byzantium was first known as Lygos. [1] The origin and meaning of the name are unknown. Zsolt suggested it was etymologically identitical to the Greek name for the Ligures and derived from the Anatolian ethnonym Ligyes, [2] a tribe that was part of Xerxes' army [3] and appeared to have been neighbors to the Paphlagonians. [4]
The Walls of Constantinople ... (called Prodromos, "the Forerunner", in Greek), is another unclear case. ... Next was the now-demolished Gate of the Platea ...