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Radioactive contamination, also called radiological pollution, is the deposition of, or presence of radioactive substances on surfaces or within solids, liquids, or gases (including the human body), where their presence is unintended or undesirable (from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) definition).
An example of a short-lived fission product is iodine-131, this can also be formed as an activation product by the neutron activation of tellurium. In both bomb fallout and a release from a power reactor accident, the short-lived isotopes cause the dose rate on day one to be much higher than that which will be experienced at the same site many ...
As in bacteria, plant genetic engineering procedures and biostimulation —called phytostimulation— have improved and accelerate these processes, particularly with regard to fast-growing plants. [33] The use of Agrobacterium rhizogenes, for example, is quite widespread and significantly increases radionuclide uptake by the roots. [citation ...
At the surface, in addition to incoming solar radiation, there is also radiation received from the atmosphere above. These components of the equations align with those of pure radiative equilibrium. However, the equations for RCE also incorporate a convective flux, F c, that partially balances the surface fluxes. This flux represents the ...
Plants were usually laid out like slices of a pie, stemming from the central radiation source; this pattern produced a range of radiation doses over the radius from the center. Radioactive bombardment would take place for around twenty hours, after which scientists wearing protective equipment would enter the garden and assess the results. [ 3 ]
A few examples on the smaller scale would include: Convection mixing the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and allowing drier air aloft to the surface thereby decreasing dew points, creating cumulus-type clouds that can limit a small amount of sunshine, increasing surface winds, making outflow boundaries/and other smaller boundaries more diffuse ...
To remove heat from wastewater generated by power plants or manufacturing plants, and thus to reduce thermal pollution, the following technologies are used: cooling ponds , engineered bodies of water designed for cooling by evaporation , convection , and radiation
An inversion traps air pollution, such as smog, near the ground. An inversion can also suppress convection by acting as a "cap". If this cap is broken for any of several reasons, convection of any humidity can then erupt into violent thunderstorms. Temperature inversion can cause freezing rain in cold climates.