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Diplopia is also increased on looking to the affected side and is partly caused by overaction of the medial rectus on the unaffected side as it tries to provide the extra innervation to the affected lateral rectus. These two muscles are synergists or "yoke muscles" as both attempt to move the eye over to the left or right. The condition is ...
The lateral rectus is the only muscle supplied by the abducens nerve (CN VI). The neuron cell bodies are located in the abducens nucleus in the pons.These neurons project axons as the abducens nerve which exit from the pontomedullary junction of the brainstem, travels through the cavernous sinus and enter the orbit through the superior orbital fissure.
The abducens nucleus contains two types of cells: motor neurons that control the lateral rectus muscle on the same side, and interneurons that cross the midline and connect to the contralateral oculomotor nucleus (which controls the medial rectus muscle of the opposite eye). In normal vision, lateral movement of one eye (lateral rectus muscle ...
the ipsilateral abducens (CN VI) nucleus (which controls the ipsilateral lateral rectus muscle), (through the medial longitudinal fasciculus) the contralateral oculomotor (CN III) nucleus (specifically the population of its neurons that innervate the contralateral medial rectus muscle).
The classic triad of symptoms found in Wernicke encephalopathy is: [11] Ophthalmoplegia: later expanded to include other eye movement disorders; typically affecting the lateral rectus muscle. [11] Lateral nystagmus is the most commonly seen disorder, but lateral rectus palsy—usually bilateral—is common, as well.
The typical symptoms of RPON are recurrent headaches and ipsilateral paralysis of the extraocular muscles (ophthalmoplegia) that are responsible for controlling eye movements. [1] People with RPON experience different severity of pain, duration of symptoms, and frequency of attacks, which are also dependent on the treatment they received. [8]
When moving the eyes to locate an object in the horizontal plane, or to track movement horizontally in the visual field, the lateral rectus muscle of one eye and medial rectus muscle of the other eye are both active. The lateral rectus is controlled by neurons of the abducens nucleus in the superior medulla, whereas the medial rectus is ...
Its symptoms include pain, tingling, numbness and muscle weakness. The symptoms affect just one particular part of the body, depending on which nerve is affected. The diagnosis is largely clinical and can be confirmed with diagnostic nerve blocks. Occasionally imaging and electrophysiology studies aid in the diagnosis. Timely diagnosis is ...