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Focused assessment with sonography in trauma (commonly abbreviated as FAST) is a rapid bedside ultrasound examination performed by surgeons, emergency physicians, and paramedics as a screening test for blood around the heart (pericardial effusion) or abdominal organs (hemoperitoneum) after trauma.
The ultrasound equipment must be sufficiently high-quality to give a correct image-processing result, which can then provide invaluable information, mainly at the superficial level. It must be able to provide both color and Doppler imaging, technologies that developed alongside the development of ultrasound. Doppler measurements which trace the ...
Most image-guided surgical procedures are minimally invasive. A field of medicine that pioneered and specializes in minimally invasive image-guided surgery is interventional radiology. A hand-held surgical probe is an essential component of any image-guided surgery system as it provides the surgeon with a map of the designated area. [8]
Ultrasound can ablate tumors or other tissue non-invasively. [4] This is accomplished using a technique known as high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), also called focused ultrasound surgery. This procedure uses generally lower frequencies than medical diagnostic ultrasound (250–2000 kHz), but significantly higher time-averaged intensities.
These techniques are known as Magnetic Resonance guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery (MRgFUS) [32] [33] and Ultrasound guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery (USgFUS) respectively. [ 1 ] [ 34 ] MRgFUS is a 3D imaging technique which features high soft tissue contrast and provides information about temperature, thus allowing to monitor ablation.
Advantages of ultrasound imaging of abdominal structures are that the procedure can be performed quickly, bed-side, involves no exposure to X-rays (which makes it useful in pregnant patients, for example) and is inexpensive compared to other often-used techniques such as computed tomography (CT scan) of the abdomen. Disadvantages are ...
The ultrasound catheter tip is slid in over the guidewire and positioned, using angiography techniques so that the tip is at the farthest away position to be imaged. The sound waves are emitted from the catheter tip, are usually in the 20-40 MHz range, and the catheter also receives and conducts the return echo information out to the external ...
Venous cutdown is an emergency procedure in which the vein is exposed surgically and then a cannula is inserted into the vein under direct vision. It is used for venous access in cases of trauma, and hypovolemic shock when the use of a peripheral venous catheter is either difficult or impossible.