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  2. Superhard material - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superhard_material

    If a material contains highly directional bonds, the shear modulus will increase and give a low Poisson ratio. A material is also considered hard if it resists plastic deformation. If a material has short covalent bonds, atomic dislocations that lead to plastic deformation are less likely to occur than in materials with longer, delocalized bonds.

  3. Refractory metals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractory_metals

    The alloy exhibits a higher creep resistance and strength at high temperatures, making service temperatures of above 1060 °C possible for the material. The high resistivity of Mo-30W, an alloy of 70% molybdenum and 30% tungsten, against the attack of molten zinc makes it the ideal material for casting zinc. It is also used to construct valves ...

  4. Hardness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardness

    The toughness of a material is the maximum amount of energy it can absorb before fracturing, which is different from the amount of force that can be applied. Toughness tends to be small for brittle materials, because elastic and plastic deformations allow materials to absorb large amounts of energy. Hardness increases with decreasing particle size.

  5. Refractory materials - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractory

    Refractory bricks in a torpedo car used for hauling molten iron. In materials science, a refractory (or refractory material) is a material that is resistant to decomposition by heat or chemical attack and that retains its strength and rigidity at high temperatures. [1]

  6. Ceramic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramic

    Ceramic material is an inorganic, metallic oxide, nitride, or carbide material. Some elements, such as carbon or silicon, may be considered ceramics. Ceramic materials are brittle, hard, strong in compression, and weak in shearing and tension. They withstand the chemical erosion that occurs in other materials subjected to acidic or caustic ...

  7. Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra-high-molecular...

    This results in a very tough material, with the highest impact strength of any thermoplastic presently made. [2] UHMWPE is odorless, tasteless, and nontoxic. [3] It embodies all the characteristics of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with the added traits of being resistant to concentrated acids and alkalis, as well as numerous organic solvents ...

  8. Mangalloy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangalloy

    The material is very resistant to abrasion and will achieve up to three times its surface hardness during conditions of impact, without any increase in brittleness which is usually associated with hardness. [2] This allows mangalloy to retain its toughness. Most steels contain 0.15 to 0.8% manganese.

  9. Shock-resisting steel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock-resisting_steel

    Shock-resisting steels are designed to have high impact resistance (), along with other properties such as strength, hardness.Silicon is a common addition to this class of steels, as it provides tempering resistance and increases toughness.